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Neuron:掌管人体时差的万能秘钥是?控制它,攻克时差易如反掌

2018-07-14 艾曼 生物探索

飞跃时区的旅行让我们对这个世界有了更多的认知,但却让很多人饱受时差困扰。随着科学的精进,你是否想过某天能控制自己身体的计时系统呢?近日,华盛顿大学的生物学家通过激活参与设定每日节律的一小部分神经细胞,为小鼠时差症打开了治疗之门,这项成果或为解锁人类时差症带来思路。

相关研究已于7月12日以“Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms Depends on Firing Rates and Neuropeptide Release of VIP SCN Neurons”为题发表在Neuron杂志。

人体的所有基本功能都通过身体的每日或昼夜节律时钟与当地时间高度同步。在大脑最底部靠近嘴的顶部有一个小区域,提醒我们每天定时醒睡。这个主时钟被称为视交叉上核,或SCN。

当这个系统受到干扰时(例如轮班工作或穿越时区),SCN中的2万个神经元都要努力调整身体以适应新的时间表。研究人员发现,以适当的电活动模式刺激仅10%这些神经元,可导致小鼠迅速转向新的每日作息时间表。

“这就像你的手表善于计时一样,除非你能把它设定为当地时间,否则它是无用的。我们想知道生物钟是如何适应当地时间的。”通讯作者 Erik D. Herzog说。



首先,Herzog及其研究小组怀疑有一小部分SCN神经元参与其中,因为它会产生血管活性肠多肽或VIP(神经元用来交流和同步日常节律的一种必需化合物)。
Herzog说:“人和小鼠的SCN中仅有约2000个VIP神经元,我们假设VIP神经元就像祖母一样,负责告诉每个人该做什么。”

为了验证这个想法,Cristina Mazuski首先开发了一种方法来表征VIP神经元的正常日常放电模式。

通过记录一组神经元的毫秒级动作电位,他们能够识别两类VIP神经元:紧张型和不规则型。紧张型VIP神经元(Tonic VIP neurons)以稳定的速度放电,每一次放电发作之间的间隔相等;而不规则型VIP神经元以一对或三对(的不稳定状态)等距放电。

研究人员随后测试了VIP神经元的激活是否会改变SCN和小鼠的日常日程。

为了进行这项实验,研究人员让小鼠一整天整夜处于完全黑暗的环境中,没有任何关于时间的环境线索。通过使用一种叫做光遗传学的工具,他们每天只在同一时间激活VIP神经元,这模拟了飞到一个新的时区的过程。

Mazuski解释道:“这是了解SCN如何让生物体与当地光照时间同步的重要一步。”

接下来,研究人员测试了VIP神经元的不同放电模式,发现当VIP神经元被激活到不规则放电时,小鼠能更快地克服时差反应;当小鼠的VIP神经元受到紧张刺激时,它们适应新的局部时间会变慢。

总结来说,研究人员发现VIP神经元的不同放电模式决定了小鼠对时差的克服能力的强弱。

未来,研究人员希望研究出刺激VIP神经元进行不规则放电的方法,以早日帮助人们攻克时差限制并减少人类旅行者和轮班人员的时差反应。

原始出处:

Cristina Mazuski, John H. Abel, Samantha P. Chen, et.al. Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms Depends on Firing Rates and Neuropeptide Release of VIP SCN Neurons. Neuron July 12, 2018

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751867, encodeId=656f1e51867cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Sat Jun 08 09:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331752, encodeId=0bb7331e522d, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 09:52:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331524, encodeId=42383315245b, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:21:51 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331509, encodeId=9d2933150960, content=希望早日取得成功, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:06:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331503, encodeId=008b3315033f, content=可以的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/30/21f1f0d02514796066d52523c747be51.jpg, createdBy=75a31960463, createdName=zdvfsadb, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 10:23:47 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-08 by2021
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751867, encodeId=656f1e51867cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Sat Jun 08 09:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331752, encodeId=0bb7331e522d, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 09:52:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331524, encodeId=42383315245b, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:21:51 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331509, encodeId=9d2933150960, content=希望早日取得成功, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:06:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331503, encodeId=008b3315033f, content=可以的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/30/21f1f0d02514796066d52523c747be51.jpg, createdBy=75a31960463, createdName=zdvfsadb, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 10:23:47 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-15 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751867, encodeId=656f1e51867cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Sat Jun 08 09:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331752, encodeId=0bb7331e522d, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 09:52:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331524, encodeId=42383315245b, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:21:51 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331509, encodeId=9d2933150960, content=希望早日取得成功, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:06:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331503, encodeId=008b3315033f, content=可以的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/30/21f1f0d02514796066d52523c747be51.jpg, createdBy=75a31960463, createdName=zdvfsadb, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 10:23:47 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-14 sunfeifeiyang

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751867, encodeId=656f1e51867cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Sat Jun 08 09:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331752, encodeId=0bb7331e522d, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 09:52:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331524, encodeId=42383315245b, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:21:51 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331509, encodeId=9d2933150960, content=希望早日取得成功, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:06:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331503, encodeId=008b3315033f, content=可以的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/30/21f1f0d02514796066d52523c747be51.jpg, createdBy=75a31960463, createdName=zdvfsadb, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 10:23:47 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-14 医者仁心5538

    希望早日取得成功

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751867, encodeId=656f1e51867cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Sat Jun 08 09:07:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331752, encodeId=0bb7331e522d, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Jul 15 09:52:43 CST 2018, time=2018-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331524, encodeId=42383315245b, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:21:51 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331509, encodeId=9d2933150960, content=希望早日取得成功, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 11:06:19 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=331503, encodeId=008b3315033f, content=可以的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/11/30/21f1f0d02514796066d52523c747be51.jpg, createdBy=75a31960463, createdName=zdvfsadb, createdTime=Sat Jul 14 10:23:47 CST 2018, time=2018-07-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-14 zdvfsadb

    可以的

    0

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近日,来自巴塞罗那自治大学的科学家们通过研究,利用基因疗法成功治愈了小鼠的肥胖和2型糖尿病,相关研究刊登于国际杂志EMBO Molecular Medicine上。研究者表示,我们利用了一种名为腺相关病毒载体(Adeno-associated viral Vector,AAV)来携带FGF21(成纤维细胞生长因子21)基因的疗法(AAV-FGF21疗法)进行研究,单次使用这种载体就能操纵肝脏、脂肪

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