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JAMA Network Open:BRCA基因检测应该面向所有女性

2018-10-07 探索菌 生物探索

遗传性易感基因如BRCA1和BRCA2(BRCA1/2)基因发生突变,会导致很高的乳腺癌和卵巢癌患病风险。然而,最新一项研究表明,目前鉴别BRCA1/2变异携带者的方法可能不足以作为筛选工具,因为有超过80%的人并不知道自己是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌和胰腺癌风险基因携带者。

遗传性易感基因如BRCA1和BRCA2(BRCA1/2)基因发生突变,会导致很高的乳腺癌卵巢癌患病风险。然而,最新一项研究表明,目前鉴别BRCA1/2变异携带者的方法可能不足以作为筛选工具,因为有超过80%的人并不知道自己是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌和胰腺癌风险基因携带者。

研究结果以“Eight of 10 people with cancer risk genes don't know it”为题发表在9月21日的《JAMA Network Open》上。

通常携带有BRCA1/2突变的女性可以通过手术干预,尤其是预防性输卵管-卵巢切除术等方法来降低乳腺癌和卵巢癌的发病风险和死亡风险。在缺乏常规筛查的情况下,大多数人只有在被诊断患有癌症时,才会发现自己的BRCA1或BRCA2基因中带有与癌症相关的突变基因。

为何临床诊断会不足?研究发现可能与以下两方面有关:一是未能将基于标准的BRCA1/2检测策略转诊应用于具有较高前测概率的个体;二是这种基于标准的策略未能足够敏感地识别所有真阳性。

研究作者、耶鲁大学医学院遗传学教授Michael Murray说道,“人们通常要经历一场悲剧才会接受检测,当人们还处于健康状态时,依赖记录在案的个人或家庭病史并不足以支持他们进行基因检测。而等到演变为癌症才去检测,早已错过良机。希望有一天,我们可以通过对每个人进行有效的基因筛选来改变这种状况。”

具体来说,这项研究纳入了50726名研究对象,平均年龄为60岁。在接受全外显子组测序筛查的人群中,有267人(148例为女性,119例为男性)存在BRCA风险变异,但只有18%的人在得知该研究结果之前就知道自己具有这种癌症风险因子。

在存活的BRCA阳性患者组中,16.8%的人患有BRCA相关的癌症。在研究得出结论之前死亡的一小部分BRCA阳性患者中,有47.8%患有BRCA相关癌症。

本研究发现,与以往的临床护理相比,基于外显子组测序的筛查发现P/LP BRCA1/2变异个体的数量是以往的5倍。这些发现表明,基因组筛查可能识别与BRCA1/2相关的癌症风险,而这些风险可能在卫生保健系统中仍未被发现,为降低患者的发病率和死亡率进一步提供了机会。

Murray表示,所有存活的BRCA1/2携带者和死亡的BRCA1/2携带者在相关癌症史上所观察到的差异,标志着我们有机会前瞻性地识别和管理风险较高的个体,以降低与其相关的癌症发病率和死亡率风险。

原始出处:
Manickam K, Buchanan AH, Schwartz MLB, et al. Exome Sequencing–Based Screening for BRCA1/2 Expected Pathogenic Variants Among Adult Biobank Participants. JAMA Network Open, Sep 2018.

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    2018-11-30 feather89
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    2019-09-20 canlab
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    2018-10-09 智智灵药
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    2018-10-08 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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