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NEJM:研究表明所有激素类避孕药都会极大增加患癌风险!

2017-12-08 MIKE MCRAE Sciencealert

新的研究增加了越来越多的证据表明服用激素避孕药会增加患乳腺癌的相对风险。

新的研究增加了越来越多的证据表明服用激素避孕药会增加患乳腺癌的相对风险。

虽然这些发现与我们已经知道的一致,但是这项研究主要集中在20世纪90年代中期以来开发的配方和交付方法,这意味着即使是较新的避孕药也在增加这个问题。这项研究是由哥本哈根大学的研究人员从15到50岁的近180万名丹麦妇女收集的数据进行的。这些数据来自国家药物产品统计注册数据库,自1995年以来平均追踪妇女生活在11年以下,其中包括11,500多例乳腺癌的详细信息。

由于这项研究基于大数据,所以结果不要掉以轻心。但是,我们必须多视角看待这一点。

对于那些已经服用某种形式的激素避孕药 - 无论是口服,通过种植体,贴片,宫内节育器还是阴道环 - 获得乳腺癌的风险相对增加。同时这个风险取决于他们服用避孕药的时间。如果不到一年,增幅大概是9%。十多年来,这个比例是38%。有趣的是,对于超过5年的荷尔蒙避孕药使用,在停止使用后仍有一小部分重大风险。以前的研究没有发现这样的风险持续存在,强调需要进一步的调查。

这项研究优点不仅仅是在于它的样本量很大,而且由于样本量巨大,使得团队可以比较各种激素避孕方法。虽然有一些细微的差异,但综合起来,研究表明,即使是更新一代的基于激素的避孕药,如孕激素类植入物,也会增加患乳腺癌的风险。

但是,这一切意味着什么呢?增加百分之三十八的风险看起来可怕,但重要的是要记住,女性乳腺癌的总体风险虽然高于大多数癌症,但在年轻女性中仍然相对较少。

纳菲尔德人口健康部的David Hunter在一篇关于这项研究的社论中把结果放在了透视的角度。Hunter写道:“首先,目前使用激素避孕药的女性患乳腺癌的几率要高出20%,而那些不需要服用激素避孕药的女性患乳腺癌的几率要低一些。”

在35岁以下的人中,服用荷尔蒙避孕药不到一年,每5万名妇女就增加一例新的乳腺癌病例。还有其他的风险因素需要考虑,包括年龄和家族史。该研究尽可能考虑怀孕和遗传风险等因素,但不包括身体活动等因素。服用这种避孕药的历史的影响似乎在50-70岁之间的绝经后妇女中也变得不那么重要,因为这些女性患乳腺癌的风险达到高峰。

亨特补充说,与乳腺癌风险增加相反,口服避孕药降低了晚年发生其他疾病的几率。Hunter说:“除了事实上它们提供了一种有效的避孕手段,并且可能使痛经或月经过多的妇女受益,口服避孕药的使用与晚年卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌和结直肠癌风险的显著降低有关。

更好的是,停止服用避孕药后,几十年来的好处仍然存在,不像风险会更快。像这样的研究应该激励继续努力开发无风险和副作用的免费避孕。或者在努力获得更多的男性避孕选择的市场上点燃一场大火。

对于我们其他人来说,结果应该纳入决策,但不会引起恐慌。像往常一样,如果你担心,请告诉你的医生。

原始出处:

Lina S. M?rch, Charlotte W. Skovlund, Philip C. Hannaford, et.al. Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer. NEJM

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    2018-06-04 sjq027
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    2017-12-10 lq0307
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    2017-12-08 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

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    2017-12-08 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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2017年11月,发表在《Ann Oncol》上的一项对照研究,对血浆磷脂脂肪酸与乳腺癌风险之间的相关性进行了前瞻性地评估。

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