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早期肺癌之原位癌AIS

2021-05-27 叶波 网络

原位癌(Adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS),是从正常组织转化为肿瘤细胞发展的第一个阶段。它的特性和影像特征,处理原则与浸润性癌有显著区别。

原位癌(Adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS),是从正常组织转化为肿瘤细胞发展的第一个阶段。是指粘膜上皮细胞层内的非典型增生至癌变,基底层完整,细胞尚未突破基底膜。它是肿瘤的早期甚至是早早期阶段,这种病变有向癌转变的趋势,继续发展,会突破上皮基底层,变成微浸润性癌(minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA),甚至变为浸润性癌(invasive adenocarcinoma cancer, IAC)。因此,原位癌AIS,微浸润性癌MIA,浸润性癌IAC是疾病发展的不同阶段。

原位癌AIS的主要特性如下:

 

  1. 生长极为缓慢,大部分保持稳定10年以上。

  2. 不突破基底膜,意味着肿瘤局限于上皮层内,没有血管和淋巴管进入,因此不会发生远处和淋巴结转移。

  3. 切除后不会复发,不影响生存期。

     

以下均为近年来经我手术确诊的原位癌患者术前影像:

影像特征:多为<1cm的毛玻璃影,密度较低,可有毛刺、空泡,血管通过等高危特征,一般即使有血管通过,也无血管弯曲,也可无明显高危特征,但在随访过程中无明显变化。


AIS的处理原则:由于原位癌生长缓慢,不会转移,此阶段对于身体没有危险性,2021年WHO已将原位癌剔除肺癌范畴,跟不典型增生一起,被认为是癌前病变,因此可以不手术切除,一般根据结节大小,建议6-12个月复查胸部CT随访。随访过程中,如发现结节变大,或密度增加等,提示有生长性,则再手术也来得及。如果患者心理压力比较大,或者结节>8mm,有较多高危特征,也可直接胸腔镜手术切除。需要注意的是,原位癌AIS切除后即治愈,不会复发,不需要术后辅助治疗。可以说,切除后就是正常人。

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    2021-06-24 膀胱癌
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