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生病还是不生病谁说了算?机体的生物时钟

2016-08-18 佚名 生物谷

从维生素C及松果菊到防寒服和抗菌香皂,人类想法设法抑制并且控制感冒和流感上从未停止过,但很不幸的是,人们的很多做法目前并没有一定的科学证据。实际上,医学研究专家们如今已经开始探索寻找影响机体对感染敏感性的诸多因素,同时研究者们还发现我们机体的生物钟或许在其中就扮演着重要的角色,其会让我们在一天的特定时间内非常易于被感染。当然我们也许会很容易忘记,在这个星球上微生物也在同我们人类一样不断进化演变,

从维生素C及松果菊到防寒服和抗菌香皂,人类想法设法抑制并且控制感冒和流感上从未停止过,但很不幸的是,人们的很多做法目前并没有一定的科学证据。实际上,医学研究专家们如今已经开始探索寻找影响机体对感染敏感性的诸多因素,同时研究者们还发现我们机体的生物钟或许在其中就扮演着重要的角色,其会让我们在一天的特定时间内非常易于被感染。

当然我们也许会很容易忘记,在这个星球上微生物也在同我们人类一样不断进化演变,其中就包括细菌,部分细菌对人体有益,而其它则对人体有害;类似地,在没有机体细胞的帮助下病毒并不会自我复制,如果没有我们存在,病毒或许也就不会存在了。

因此,当病毒遇到细胞会发生什么呢?首先,病毒会穿过细胞的保护屏障—细胞膜,随后其就会劫持宿主细胞内部的“机器”来为自己所用,并且利用细胞内部的所有资源来进行病毒自身的复制,一旦大量的病毒部队形成,其就会破坏细胞,并且从细胞中释放出来去感染别的组织细胞,想想一下数百万新制造的病毒不对大举侵略机体细胞群是什么样的场景?一旦病毒的复制循环开启,其就会在细胞内部快速繁殖,并且扩散到整个机体,引发相应的疾病。

然而尽管病毒有着自身的方式来繁殖,但入侵微生物和人类机体之间始终会发生“大战”,这时候我们机体的免疫系统就会出击攻击外来入侵的微生物,并且激活机体多项防御机制来阻断病毒复制及扩散;这种防御系统往往是在机体单个细胞的水平下发生,同时机体特殊的组织也会及时对外来入侵产生保护反应。

如今研究者发现,机体的生物时钟也在病毒感染过程中扮演着“守门护卫”的角色,生物钟是进化生物学中令人不可思议的一块,地球上许多有机体都有着自身的生物钟来记录着一天的24个小时,同时其通过调节机体的化学反应以及遗传开关来发挥功能,机体的众多遗传开关控制着细胞中成千上万个基因的表达,在经历白天和晚上整个过程中,机体中大约15%的基因都处于不断开启和关闭的状态。

及时的实验

因此为何病毒会如此关心我们机体的生物钟呢?由于机体的细胞类似于小型的工厂,其可以制造很多东西,而病毒也恰恰会利用这些东西来进行复制,一旦细胞生产过程停止,病毒的复制就会立刻停止。在实验室研究中,研究者通过在一天不同时间段对小鼠和细胞进行病毒感染,他们发现,在傍晚的时候病毒或许并不太容易感染细胞和小鼠机体;相比而言,在清晨的时候,机体细胞具有较高的生物合成活性,至少从病毒的角度而言是这样的,因此如果病毒想要在清晨对细胞“下手”,那么它们成功地概率就大一些,而且病毒成功感染后还会快速扩散。

然而更有趣的是,当机体的生物时钟被打断,病毒就会快速接管细胞和组织实施感染;当我们轮班工作产生时差感,或者经历休假后返工时差(social jet lag)时,这种机体时钟失调的过程就会发生,而休假后返工时差往往是由睡眠时间表的改变所致;因此,理解上述过程及其相互作用非常重要,因为毫无置疑机体的生物时钟能够帮助我们寻找到特殊路径来保证机体健康,比如我们都知道,轮班工作者往往很容易被感染,因此给其及时合理地接种疫苗或许可以帮其有效抵御多种感染性疾病。

知晓生物时钟和病毒之间的关联或可帮助我们设计更好的公共健康策略来抵御病毒的感染和扩散,我们试想一下,在疾病大流行期间,白天尽量限制外出暴露或许对于有效抑制病毒感染和扩散非常重要,的确,最近一项来自伯明翰大学的一项研究表明,接种疫苗的个体在早晨抵御流感的能力或许比在夜晚更加有效,而这种原则同样适用于许多其它不相关的病毒感染。

同时研究者的研究结果还可以帮助解答一直困扰我们的谜题,即为何类似于流感一样的病毒感染往往会在秋冬季月份发生?研究者指出,名为Bmal1的分子开关在白天和晚上不断地开启或关闭,随着季节演替,分子开关Bmal1就会不断改变,夏天时Bmal1开关开启高度表达的模式,而到了冬季,Bmal1的表达则处于下降模式。当研究者人工降低小鼠机体或细胞中的Bmal1水平时,病毒就会更加容易感染细胞和小鼠机体了。机体中分子开关Bmal1的消长变化每天都会发生,这或许就能够帮助我们解释为何冬季机体并不太容易对付诸如流感等病毒的感染。

因此,如果我们竭尽全力去避免感染游离在办公室里的流感病毒,而不是想办法通过诸如补充多种维生素的方式来增强机体免疫力,那么我们早晨就只能呆在家里完成一些简单的工作了。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175061, encodeId=3c7b1e5061ac, content=很有意思的博文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=335e1961097, createdName=1e136eebm36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 09 07:33:21 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102710, encodeId=48f2102e1093, content=很好的知识点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160821/IMG57B9667502B1F9208.jpg, createdBy=7a291940143, createdName=茶马古道, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101500, encodeId=b03710150075, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 15:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100576, encodeId=ce7d1005e627, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100575, encodeId=738f1005e54f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-09 1e136eebm36(暂无匿称)

    很有意思的博文

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175061, encodeId=3c7b1e5061ac, content=很有意思的博文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=335e1961097, createdName=1e136eebm36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 09 07:33:21 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102710, encodeId=48f2102e1093, content=很好的知识点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160821/IMG57B9667502B1F9208.jpg, createdBy=7a291940143, createdName=茶马古道, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101500, encodeId=b03710150075, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 15:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100576, encodeId=ce7d1005e627, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100575, encodeId=738f1005e54f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-23 茶马古道

    很好的知识点!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175061, encodeId=3c7b1e5061ac, content=很有意思的博文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=335e1961097, createdName=1e136eebm36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 09 07:33:21 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102710, encodeId=48f2102e1093, content=很好的知识点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160821/IMG57B9667502B1F9208.jpg, createdBy=7a291940143, createdName=茶马古道, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101500, encodeId=b03710150075, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 15:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100576, encodeId=ce7d1005e627, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100575, encodeId=738f1005e54f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-20 136****0753赵

    值得学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175061, encodeId=3c7b1e5061ac, content=很有意思的博文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=335e1961097, createdName=1e136eebm36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 09 07:33:21 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102710, encodeId=48f2102e1093, content=很好的知识点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160821/IMG57B9667502B1F9208.jpg, createdBy=7a291940143, createdName=茶马古道, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101500, encodeId=b03710150075, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 15:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100576, encodeId=ce7d1005e627, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100575, encodeId=738f1005e54f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-18 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175061, encodeId=3c7b1e5061ac, content=很有意思的博文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=335e1961097, createdName=1e136eebm36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 09 07:33:21 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102710, encodeId=48f2102e1093, content=很好的知识点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160821/IMG57B9667502B1F9208.jpg, createdBy=7a291940143, createdName=茶马古道, createdTime=Tue Aug 23 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101500, encodeId=b03710150075, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLMzGpMQ8w4I7FpiblCXNcmI6O7TDINutbaicEUpoYFR1rWqn3kTbulfMhT0iaPFurLz2ddEcWe3BiciaQ/0, createdBy=5f6e1724878, createdName=136****0753赵, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 15:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100576, encodeId=ce7d1005e627, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=100575, encodeId=738f1005e54f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Thu Aug 18 22:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-18 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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