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Oncotarget:科学家发现新型宫颈癌亚型 个体化癌症疗法有望被开发

2017-01-16 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Oncotarget上的研究报告中,来自南卡罗来纳大学(University of South Carolina)的研究人员通过研究鉴别出了一种新型的宫颈癌亚型,其类似于大部分宫颈癌,也会由人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)诱发,但其生长却并不会受HPV的指挥,这就表明,靶向作用肿瘤特殊的基因组通路或许就能够帮助改善患者的预

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Oncotarget上的研究报告中,来自南卡罗来纳大学(University of South Carolina)的研究人员通过研究鉴别出了一种新型的宫颈癌亚型,其类似于大部分宫颈癌,也会由人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)诱发,但其生长却并不会受HPV的指挥,这就表明,靶向作用肿瘤特殊的基因组通路或许就能够帮助改善患者的预后及开发新型靶向性疗法。

研究者Banister指出,目前我们利用化疗和放疗结合的治疗体系来治疗宫颈癌患者,而且这种疗法能够帮助很大一部分患者,但标准疗法对大约三分之一的患者并没有什么效果;我们就发现了一类新型的宫颈癌亚型,其具有完全不同的遗传特性,这些患者的治疗似乎就应当选用其它方法。

文章中,研究者对来自癌症基因组图谱(Cancer Genome Atlas)项目中的255份宫颈癌样本进行分析,他们发现,被认为对宫颈癌发展非常必要的HPV癌基因仅会在HPV高度活性水平或HPV失活级别的水平下进行表达。此前研究中,研究者在头颈癌患者机体中发现了HPV失活程度的存在,因此他们就推测是否了HPV失活程度的宫颈癌是否会起源于病毒驱动的癌症,本文研究中研究者就证实了这种猜测,他们发现了一种新型的分子遗传机制能够驱动HPV失活的癌症的进化。

除了HPV癌基因表达外,研究者还指出,在HPV失活类别的宫颈癌和HPV活性类别的宫颈癌之间还存在着其它明显的差异,而且还发现了两类宫颈癌患者之间生存中值、DNA甲基化、确诊疾病的平均年龄以及基因表达特性之间的明显差异。研究人员分析了所有人类基因中的体细胞突变频率,结果发现,相比HPV活性级别而言,在HPV失活级别的患者机体中有19种癌症驱动基因出现了明显较高的突变率,这种差异性或许就表明,在调节肿瘤细胞生长的过程中,HPV癌基因似乎能够移除突变基因的功能。

比如,相比HPV活性的宫颈癌而言,HPV失活肿瘤中含有TP53基因突变的可能性是前者的17倍,因此靶向作用TP53突变的疗法似乎能给HPV失活肿瘤患者带来较好的治疗效果。最后研究者Banister说道,从事宫颈癌患者管理的医生应当对患者机体肿瘤的HPV癌基因的表达进行检测,同时还应当考虑依赖HPV活性的个体化疗法,HPV活性的肿瘤中免疫调节基因的表达水平较高,而且会对免疫检查点抑制剂疗法产生反应,相比较而言,HPV失活的肿瘤经常会发生PIK3CA/PTEN/AKT通路的突变,这就表明,AKT激酶抑制剂似乎就能够有效治疗这类患者。

原始出处

Carolyn E. Banister1, Changlong Liu1, Lucia Pirisi2, Kim E. Creek1, Phillip J. Buckhaults1.Identification and characterization of HPV-independent cervical cancers.Oncotarget.2016

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    2017-09-15 mnda
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    2017-12-13 闆锋旦
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    2017-01-18 一闲
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