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Cancer Prevention Research:每天一根香蕉,能让癌症远离?

2022-08-06 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

这项对近1000名林奇综合征患者的双盲对照试验显示,平均服用2年时间抗性淀粉作为膳食补充剂(服用剂量相当于每天吃一根香蕉),将林奇综合征患者患结直肠癌以外的癌症风险降低了一半以上,尤其是上消化道癌症。

林奇综合征(Lynch syndrome),是一种常染色体显性遗传的家族性肿瘤综合征,由于错配修复基因(mis-match repair,MMR)突变所致,造成DNA复制过程中的错误无法得到修复,从而被积累和遗传给后代,从而增加多种癌症风险,特别是结直肠癌,以及子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、胆道癌、脑肿瘤、皮肤癌等等。

近日,英国纽卡斯尔大学和利兹大学的研究人员在 Cancer Prevention Research 期刊发表了题为:Cancer Prevention with Resistant Starch in Lynch Syndrome Patients in the CAPP2-Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial: Planned 10-Year Follow-up 的研究论文。

这项对近1000名林奇综合征患者的双盲对照试验显示,平均服用2年时间抗性淀粉作为膳食补充剂(服用剂量相当于每天吃一根香蕉),将林奇综合征患者患结直肠癌以外的癌症风险降低了一半以上,尤其是上消化道癌症(包括食道癌、胃癌、胆道癌、胰腺癌和十二指肠癌等),这种预防效果在停止服用补充剂后还能持续10年以上。

该研究的领导者、纽卡斯尔大学 John Mathers 教授表示,这项研究发现抗性淀粉可将林奇综合征患者的一系列癌症风险降低60%以上。这种效果在肠道上部最为明显,而上消化道癌症很难诊断,通常不会及早发现,因此这项研究显得非常重要。

抗性淀粉(resistant starch),又称抗酶解淀粉、难消化淀粉,在小肠中不能被酶解,但在大肠中可以与挥发性脂肪酸起发酵反应。抗性淀粉广泛存在于多种天然食品中,例如燕麦、马铃薯、大米、豌豆等豆类、略带绿色的香蕉等等。

与普通淀粉相比,抗性淀粉具有多种健康益处和更少的热量。该研究中使用的抗性淀粉被做成粉末补充剂,服用剂量相当于每天吃一根香蕉。抗性淀粉不会在小肠中被消化,而是进入大肠中发酵,为有益的肠道细菌提供营养,改变细菌的胆汁酸代谢,从而减少癌症发展。

从1999年到2005年,研究团队招募了近1000名林奇综合征患者,让他们在两年时间里每天服用粉末形式的抗性淀粉或阿司匹林或安慰剂。在治疗结束时,服用抗性淀粉或阿司匹林的林奇综合征患者与服用安慰剂的患者之间没有明显差异。但在随后的长达10年随访中,研究团队发现,服用抗性淀粉或阿司匹林显着降低了林奇综合征患者的癌症发病率。

其中,服用阿司匹林2年的林奇综合征患者的结直肠癌发病率降低了一半。这部分研究结果于2020年发表于《柳叶刀》。

总的来说,这两项临床试验表明,林奇综合征这种可遗传的癌症的发病风险是可预防的,

林奇综合征患者具有高癌症发病风险,而这两项临床试验表明,这种遗传性癌症是可预防的,服用阿司匹林能够降低一半林奇综合征患者的结直肠癌风险,而服用抗性淀粉则可以降低超过一半结直肠癌以外的其他癌症发病风险。

研究团队表示,目前正在进行一项更大规模的临床试验,共招募了1800多名临期综合征患者参与,以进一步确定是否能以更小、更安全的剂量的阿司匹林帮助降低林奇综合征患者的癌症发病风险。

原始出处:

John C. Mathers, et al. Cancer Prevention with Resistant Starch in Lynch Syndrome Patients in the CAPP2-Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial: Planned 10-Year Follow-up. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) OF1–OF12.

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    2022-08-19 lhlxtx
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    2022-08-08 yangshch
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    2022-08-06 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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    2022-08-06 cyfguvgi

    0

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