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Lancet:水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入对心血管疾病和死亡影响几何?

2017-11-28 何娜 环球医学

目前,尽管营养成分和消化率可能存在差异,但大多数饮食指南并没有区分生熟蔬菜的摄入量。因此,主要基于欧洲和美国数据的指导原则不一定适用于世界其他地区。2017年11月,发表在《Lancet》的一项由加拿大、印度、非洲、巴西等国科学家进行的前瞻性队列研究(PURE),考察了18个国家中水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入与心血管疾病和死亡的关系。

目前,尽管营养成分和消化率可能存在差异,但大多数饮食指南并没有区分生熟蔬菜的摄入量。因此,主要基于欧洲和美国数据的指导原则不一定适用于世界其他地区。2017年11月,发表在《Lancet》的一项由加拿大、印度、非洲、巴西等国科学家进行的前瞻性队列研究(PURE),考察了18个国家中水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入与心血管疾病和死亡的关系。

背景:在欧洲、美国、日本和中国,水果、蔬菜和豆类的摄入与心血管疾病和死亡之间的相关性已被广泛考察,但来自中东、南美、非洲和南亚的数据很少或没有。

方法:研究人员开展了一项前瞻性队列研究(前瞻性城市农村流行病学[PURE]),纳入来自7个地理区域(北美和欧洲、南美、中东、南亚、中国、东南亚和非洲)的18个低收入、中收入和高收入国家613个社区的135335名年龄为35~70岁无心血管疾病的患者。基线时使用社区特有的食物频率调查问卷记录患者的饮食。采用标准化调查问卷收集人口统计学因素、社会经济状态(教育、收入和雇佣的信息)、生活方式(吸烟、体育活动和酒精摄入)。随访期根据每个中心或国家开始招募的日期而变化。主要临床结局是主要心血管疾病(定义为因心血管原因导致的死亡和非致命性心肌梗塞、卒中心衰)、致命和非致命性心肌梗塞、致死和非致死性卒中、心血管死亡、非心血管死亡、总死亡率。采用Cox随机效应模型评估水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入与心血管疾病事件的风险和死亡率之间的相关性。

结果:2003年1月1日~2013年3月31日间患者被纳入至本研究。对于目前分析,研究人员纳入所有2017年3月31日前PURE研究数据库中出现的结局事件。总体上,合并的平均水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入量是每日3.91(SD 2.77)次。在平均随访7.4年(5.5-9.3)时,记录4784例主要心血管疾病事件、1649例心血管死亡和5796例总死亡。在校正年龄、性别和中心(研究效应)后,较高的水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入与主要心血管疾病、心肌梗塞、心血管死亡、非心血管死亡和总死亡数呈逆相关。在校正多变量的模型中,估算值明显减少,包括主要心血管疾病(风险比[HR], 0.90;95%CI, 0.74-1.10,p趋势=0.1301)、心肌梗塞(HR,0.99;95%CI,0.74~1.31;p趋势=0.2033)、卒中(HR,0.92;95%CI,0.67~1.25;p趋势=0.7092)、心血管死亡(HR,0.73;95%CI,0.53~1.02;p趋势=0.0568)、非心血管死亡(HR,0.84;95%CI,0.68~1.04;p趋势=0.0038)和总死亡(HR,0.81;95%CI,0.68–0.96;p趋势<0.0001)。同对照组相比,总死亡的HR最低,为每日3~4次(HR,0.78;95%CI,0.69-0.88),摄入更多时没有出现进一步的明显降低。当单独考察时,水果摄入与较低的心血管、非心血管和总死亡的风险相关,然而豆类与非心血管死亡和总死亡呈逆相关(在完全校正模型中)。对于蔬菜,生蔬菜摄入与较低的总死亡风险强烈相关,然而经过烹饪的蔬菜摄入对死亡仅有少许益处。

结论:摄入较多的水果、蔬菜和豆类与较低的非心血管和总的死亡率相关。每日摄入3~4次(相当于375-500 g/日)时,非心血管死亡率和总死亡率的益处似乎最大。

原始出处:
Miller V, Mente A, Dehghan M,et al. Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.Lancet. 2017 Nov 4;390(10107):2037-2049. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32253-5. Epub 2017 Aug 29.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829343, encodeId=9df8182934340, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Jul 19 10:23:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267266, encodeId=2cf226e266b5, content=不错的文章值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 06 13:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265759, encodeId=5b95265e5958, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 20:52:33 CST 2017, time=2017-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1498333, encodeId=9fb31498333bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb6f89e145a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89714, encryptionId=bb6f89e145a, topicName=血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ccb99370406, createdName=andy2090, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 05:23:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265192, encodeId=33962651927a, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Wed Nov 29 01:33:40 CST 2017, time=2017-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265053, encodeId=36e9265053d3, content=学习了.好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Nov 28 16:06:15 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-19 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829343, encodeId=9df8182934340, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Jul 19 10:23:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=267266, encodeId=2cf226e266b5, content=不错的文章值得推荐, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Dec 06 13:47:24 CST 2017, time=2017-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265759, encodeId=5b95265e5958, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 20:52:33 CST 2017, time=2017-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1498333, encodeId=9fb31498333bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bb6f89e145a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89714, encryptionId=bb6f89e145a, topicName=血管疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ccb99370406, createdName=andy2090, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 05:23:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265192, encodeId=33962651927a, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Wed Nov 29 01:33:40 CST 2017, time=2017-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=265053, encodeId=36e9265053d3, content=学习了.好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Nov 28 16:06:15 CST 2017, time=2017-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-06 虈亣靌

    不错的文章值得推荐

    0

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    2017-11-30 虈亣靌

    学习了谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2017-11-29 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2017-11-28 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.好文章

    0

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