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李炳辉——糖尿病足处理的临床路径

2015-10-12 MedSci MedSci原创

在2015年国际腔内血管学大会,来自华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院的李炳辉主任为我们介绍了糖尿病足处理的临床路径。 糖尿病足坏疽是糖尿病最常见且较严重的并发症之一,有截肢及威胁患者生命的可能。作为临床医生,需明确认识危险因素,及时有效的对患者进行治疗;需多学科团队合作,降低下肢截肢的风险;若发生截肢,应明确截肢平面,尽量保障肢体功能。 初步病情评估:



在2015年国际腔内血管学大会,来自华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院的李炳辉主任为我们介绍了糖尿病足处理的临床路径。

糖尿病足坏疽是糖尿病最常见且较严重的并发症之一,有截肢及威胁患者生命的可能。作为临床医生,需明确认识危险因素,及时有效的对患者进行治疗;需多学科团队合作,降低下肢截肢的风险;若发生截肢,应明确截肢平面,尽量保障肢体功能。

初步病情评估:

阳性病史包括:糖尿病病程,既往溃疡、感染、夏柯氏足、截肢病史;疼痛/感觉异常;外周动脉病变或既往重建血供史。

阳性体征

皮肤表现:红斑、温度、蜂窝织炎、溃疡、萎缩性改变。

肌肉骨骼表现:肿胀、畸形、关节活动度、关节脱位。

神经:Semmes-Weinstein、单纤丝评估神经病变(A)、震动觉、本体觉、关节脱位。

血管:足部动脉搏动消失或不对称(A)、Buerger试验坏疽。

实验表现:血常规、血沉、CRP、血糖、糖化血红蛋白。

影像学检查(A):平片、CT、MRI、ECT骨扫描。

无创性血管检查(B):动脉多普勒、踝肱指数、趾端血压、波行经皮氧分压。

缺血经外周血管会诊,进入糖尿病外周血管病变路径;

溃疡+/畸形进入糖尿病夏柯氏足路径;

创口感染、骨髓炎进入糖尿病足感染路径。





糖尿病足溃疡的治疗

重新评估溃疡复发患者的供血情况,排除骨髓炎。

初始治疗

创面处理:清创术(B)包括:锐性清创、酶性清创、水刀清创、超声清创,保持湿度/敷料(A),高级创面处理(A),生长因子,组织工程,高压氧,负压。

减负(A)包括:卧床休息,外科鞋/愈合鞋,支架,全接触石膏支架,轮椅,拐杖。
(A)伤口溃疡的长期处置包括,病人教育,频繁反复评估,保护性鞋袜的使用,如下:支架、加深的鞋子、定制的鞋子、各种密度的鞋垫、矫形器。

创面不愈合?

需重新评估血供,重新评估有感染/骨髓炎,活检以评估有无恶心肿瘤可能。

骨髓炎

外科处理:对软组织和骨的清创术,外生骨疣切除术、纠正畸形,整形手术。

糖尿病足感染

阳性病史:外伤、穿刺伤、异物、溃疡及坏疽、水肿、渗出、全身症状、发热、寒战。

非肢体威胁性感染包括:蜂窝织炎小于2cm、浅表性溃疡、探针及骨阴性、有限的验证、水肿。未累积骨与关节。无全身性中毒症状,无明显缺血。

肢体威胁性感染包括:蜂窝织炎大于2cm、水肿、疼痛、淋巴管炎、渗出、有异味。可探及病变蔓延。全身性征象:高血压、心律失常(全身性中毒反应)、缺血性表现。







门诊治疗

外科清创去除所有坏死组织及胼胝(A)经验性抗生素治疗,并根据培养结果调整,严密观察进展,若感染进展,创面/足部情况恶化则住院治疗。

住院治疗

手术清创去除所有坏死组织、探查并引流脓腔、手术切除骨髓炎、开放创面处理、经验性抗生素治疗,并要根据培养结果调整(A),先进创面处理,如负压吸引,必要时反复清创,重建血供,关闭创面,修复外形,恢复功能,必要时最终截肢术。

处理最突出的问题,解决周围血液供应基础上的清创和抗感染治疗才能获得更好的效果。

转正或会诊

及时转诊或会诊有助于降低截肢率和减少医疗费用

为了阻止和限制急性感染的进展,需紧急手术时

发生危及的动脉缺血时

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    2017-06-08 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    学习了,多谢分享

    0

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    2015-10-19 sunlong28

    赞一个~

    0

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    2015-10-19 sunlong28

    为了积分我也是拼了~

    0

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    2015-10-19 sunlong28

    感谢分享?

    0

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    2015-10-14 zhouxue1990

    糖尿病足严重时要截肢

    0

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    2015-10-13 vpssa

    糖尿病并发症让人担心啊

    0

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