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2015 CDC宫颈炎诊断与治疗指南

2016-06-16 全诗敏 医学界

宫颈炎的两个主要症状:1)宫颈管流出或宫颈棉拭子可见脓性或黏液脓性分泌物。2)轻柔宫颈棉拭子操作即可引起持续性宫颈出血。两种症状可单一或同时存在。宫颈炎常无特异性症状,某些女性可能会有异常阴道分泌物,经间期出血(如性交后出血)。阴道分泌物镜检每高倍镜视野下WBC>10个,宫颈炎常与衣原体、淋球菌感染相关。对于缺少阴道炎相关症状,但白带异常的患者,白带可能是预测宫颈炎的敏感指标(换句话说,宫颈炎不可

宫颈炎的两个主要症状:

1)宫颈管流出或宫颈棉拭子可见脓性或黏液脓性分泌物。
2)轻柔宫颈棉拭子操作即可引起持续性宫颈出血。

两种症状可单一或同时存在。宫颈炎常无特异性症状,某些女性可能会有异常阴道分泌物,经间期出血(如性交后出血)。阴道分泌物镜检每高倍镜视野下WBC>10个,宫颈炎常与衣原体、淋球菌感染相关。对于缺少阴道炎相关症状,但白带异常的患者,白带可能是预测宫颈炎的敏感指标(换句话说,宫颈炎不可能没有白带)。阴道分泌物行革兰氏染色,以白细胞数目增多作为诊断标准是不可行的,此外,在衣原体和淋球菌感染的患者,其阳性预测值很低,临床价值太小。尽管宫颈分泌物中G-球菌检出对诊断具有特异性,但该操作需在经验成熟的实验室进行,且其敏感性较低。

一、病因学

单一的病原微生物即可引起宫颈炎,最常见的是沙眼衣原体(C.T)和淋球菌(N.G),此外还常伴随滴虫性阴道炎(BV)和生殖器疱疹(特别是HSV-2),然而,有些宫颈炎患者却并不由单一病原微生物感染引起,比如那些近期患STDs低风险的女性(如:年龄<30岁)。有限的数据表明Mg感染、BV、频繁地阴道冲洗可能导致宫颈炎持续存在。持续抗生素治疗时宫颈炎症状持续存在,其中的原因尚不清楚。某些顽固性病例并非由C.T或N.G再次感染引起,其他一些因素(如持续阴道菌群失调、阴道冲洗、暴露于某些刺激性药物中、自身定植菌移位)也包含在内。

二、诊断

宫颈炎常是上生殖道感染(子宫内膜炎)的标志,如果有新发宫颈炎病史,需评估是否合并PID,并行C.T和N.G NAAT检测(核酸扩增试验),检测标本可以来源于阴道、宫颈、尿道。宫颈炎患者同样需要评估是否合并BV、滴虫感染,如合并需同时治疗。阴道毛滴虫镜检敏感度低(近50%),如患者有滴虫感染的症状,但滴虫镜检阴性,需做进一步检测(包括:培养、NAAT、其他FDA推荐的诊断方法)。阴道分泌物检查每高倍镜视野WBC>10,无滴虫感染,表明可能为C.T或N.G宫颈内感染,尽管HSV-2感染与宫颈炎相关,但缺乏对HSV-2的特异性检测方法(包括:PCR、培养、血清学检测)。

三、治疗

许多因素会影响到宫颈炎治疗方案的选择。针对C.T和N.G感染的治疗方案可应用于以下情况:患者为高风险人群(如:年龄<27岁,有新的性伴侣,该性伴侣同时有其他性伴,或性伴侣患有STD);不能按时随访,不能行C.T和N.G NAAT检测。滴虫和BV如被确诊,需行相应治疗。对患STD低风险的患者,可选择推迟治疗,直到明确诊断。如果C.T和N.G NAAT检测阴性,可以考虑随访至宫颈炎症状消失。

推荐方案治疗方案:
阿奇霉素  1g 单剂量口服
强力霉素 100mg 一日2次口服,共7日
注意:如果患者有淋球菌感染的高危因素,或处于淋球菌感染的高发地区,可考虑同时治疗淋球菌感染。

为了将病原体传播最小化和避免重复感染,需性伴侣同治,治疗期间(包括:单剂量治疗后7天后或完成7日疗程)应避免性生活直至治疗结束,症状消失。确诊为宫颈炎的患者,建议同时行HIV和梅毒检测。

四、随访

接受治疗的女性应同时进行随访,以判断宫颈炎是否治愈。对于未接受治疗的女性,随访期间可以告知医生病原体检测结果,作为宫颈炎评估的一部分。女性如果有衣原体、淋球菌、滴虫感染,其性伴需同时治疗。因其复发率较高,不论其性伴侣是否治疗,均推荐治疗后3个月进行复查。如果宫颈炎症状持续存在或再次出现,需进行新的评估。

五、性伴侣治疗

对宫颈炎患者的性伴,需行STD或疑似STD检查,所有过去60天内的性伴均需就诊接受检查,如果有衣原体、淋球菌、滴虫感染或疑似感染,男性性伴需同时治疗。治疗期间,避免性生活。

六、持续或复发性宫颈炎

治疗期间,宫颈炎症状持续存在,或再次出现,常与再次接触和治疗失败有关。如果排除了STD引起的复发性感染和治疗依从性差,同时无BV,其性伴也需就诊接受治疗,这类患者的治疗方案需重新评定,此外,宫颈炎症状持续存在的患者,重复、长期应用抗生素的有效性还未知。Mg感染是宫颈炎症状持续存在的一个重要原因,经过强力霉素和阿奇霉素治疗后,症状得不到缓解,可考虑行Mg检测,根据检测结果使用莫西沙星治疗。

七、孕期宫颈炎的诊断和治疗

孕期宫颈炎诊断和治疗同非孕期(参考前面所述)。


原始出处:

Recommendations and Reports / Vol. 64 / No. 3 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines, 2015


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    2016-08-15 䖝二

    额,,,,

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719018, encodeId=54631e19018ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Sun May 28 07:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934795, encodeId=ace31934e950c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98987, encodeId=1a3d9898e43, content=额,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96916, encodeId=ba2e96916f4, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 16:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407982, encodeId=283f140e982c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90077, encodeId=3630900e7ac, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90078, encodeId=d8fb900e8df, content=指导临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-08 䖝二

    学习!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719018, encodeId=54631e19018ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Sun May 28 07:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934795, encodeId=ace31934e950c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98987, encodeId=1a3d9898e43, content=额,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96916, encodeId=ba2e96916f4, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 16:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407982, encodeId=283f140e982c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90077, encodeId=3630900e7ac, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90078, encodeId=d8fb900e8df, content=指导临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-18 一闲
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719018, encodeId=54631e19018ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Sun May 28 07:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934795, encodeId=ace31934e950c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98987, encodeId=1a3d9898e43, content=额,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96916, encodeId=ba2e96916f4, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 16:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407982, encodeId=283f140e982c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90077, encodeId=3630900e7ac, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90078, encodeId=d8fb900e8df, content=指导临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-16 milkshark

    这个不错

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1719018, encodeId=54631e19018ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e32e915e89c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#诊断与治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91578, encryptionId=e32e915e89c, topicName=诊断与治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=85a832689492, createdName=木头人524, createdTime=Sun May 28 07:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934795, encodeId=ace31934e950c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1072646328c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64632, encryptionId=1072646328c, topicName=治疗指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Sat Mar 04 02:20:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98987, encodeId=1a3d9898e43, content=额,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 23:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=96916, encodeId=ba2e96916f4, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 16:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407982, encodeId=283f140e982c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92194628826' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宫颈#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46288, encryptionId=92194628826, topicName=宫颈)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=11102737131, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90077, encodeId=3630900e7ac, content=这个不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90078, encodeId=d8fb900e8df, content=指导临床, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Thu Jun 16 20:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-16 milkshark

    指导临床

    0

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