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2005年诺奖获得者巴里·马歇尔:希望未来10年内降低中国至少50%的幽门螺杆菌感染率

2017-09-22 佚名 生物探索

随着现代人们生活的节奏日益加快,胃炎和胃溃疡等胃病已然变得像“感冒”一样常见。胃病的治疗并不简单,科学家们也是直到1983年,才搞清楚胃病真正的“元凶”。

随着现代人们生活的节奏日益加快,胃炎和胃溃疡等胃病已然变得像“感冒”一样常见。胃病的治疗并不简单,科学家们也是直到1983年,才搞清楚胃病真正的“元凶”。

此前医学专家认为胃壁有一系列完善的自我保护机制,如胃酸、蛋白酶的分泌功能等,胃部是不可能存在细菌的。直到1979年,病理学医生Robin Warren(罗宾·沃伦)在慢性胃炎患者的胃窦黏膜组织切片上观察到一种弯曲状细菌,并且发现这种细菌邻近的胃黏膜总是有炎症存在,因而意识到这种细菌和慢性胃炎可能有密切关系。1981年,消化临床医生Barry Marshall(巴里·马歇尔)与Warren合作进行研究,证明这种细菌的存在确实与胃炎有关。他们还发现,这种细菌还存在于所有十二指肠溃疡患者、大多数胃溃疡患者和约一半胃癌患者的胃黏膜中。

他们发现这种细菌就是幽门螺杆菌,幽门螺杆菌的发现被视为近现代医学史上最重要的发现之一。2005年,瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布将该年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予澳大利亚科学家巴里·马歇尔和罗宾·沃伦,以表彰“他们发现了幽门螺杆菌以及该细菌对消化性溃疡病的致病机理”。由于他俩做出的这一具有先驱性的发现,胃溃疡病不再是一种经常导致人失去生活能力的慢性疾病,医生可以使用抗生素和有机酸抑制剂来治愈这种疾病。

9月21-23日,在由深圳市人民政府主办,深圳市发展和改革委员会、深圳市科技创新委员会承办的2017深圳国际BT领袖峰会和生物/生命健康产业展览会上,2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者、中国工程院院外籍院士、澳大利亚科学家巴里·马歇尔参加出席并发表了题为“针对螺杆菌新的诊断技术需要一个黄金标准”的主题演讲。他在演讲中表示,幽门螺杆菌对我们来说是非常重要的一种病菌。我们可以看到中国每年有70%的人群携带幽门螺杆菌,特别是在中国的西北部和东南部,这样也就意味着中国50%的人很可能有罹患癌症的风险。

据日前发布的《第五次幽门螺杆菌诊治共识》显示,全球约有44亿幽门螺杆菌感染者,平均感染率为62.8%,中国感染率已经从原来的70%下降到约50%(儿童为30%),感染人数高达7.68亿。共识明确了幽门螺杆菌为可传染的感染性疾病,并与遗传因素、环境饮食因素一起为并列为胃癌发生的三大因素,预防及根治幽门螺杆菌可有效控制胃癌发生。

据了解,马歇尔等人在发现了幽门螺杆菌之后,就一直在做幽门螺杆菌活检的研究,现在每个医生可以使用活检的方式更加简单方便的检测出幽门螺杆菌。马歇尔还在演讲中介绍了他们在深圳成立了大鹏诺贝尔专家实验室,主要是推动幽门螺杆菌检测以及检测金标准的建立。他们也期望和新兴的技术融合,实现例如今后可以在手机上进行检测等,马歇尔认为这是非常有前景的。

马歇尔希望通过他们诊断技术可以治疗更多的人,在未来10年内至少降低50%幽门螺杆菌的感染率,这样就可以降低中国每年胃癌的发病率。

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    2018-05-13 kcb069
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    2017-09-29 虈亣靌

    谢谢分享.学习受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-09-24 wumeihua90
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