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PNAS:犯罪是否蓄意,大脑图像一扫便知

2017-03-21 佚名 腾讯数码

最近,来自世界各地的神经科学家正在尝试通过图像来揭开人类大脑的秘密。这可不是什么简单的任务,毕竟人类的大脑是这个世界上最复杂的东西,没有之一,并且很难被破译。不过已经有研究人员发现,通过对大脑图像的分析,可以显示一个人在犯罪时是否是出于有意还是无意。虽然这看起来是一个小区别,但是在法庭上对罪犯量刑时,可能产生重大的影响。美国的法律,对于犯罪嫌疑人的主观意愿判定,在量刑时是一个非常重要的考虑隐私,故


最近,来自世界各地的神经科学家正在尝试通过图像来揭开人类大脑的秘密。这可不是什么简单的任务,毕竟人类的大脑是这个世界上最复杂的东西,没有之一,并且很难被破译。不过已经有研究人员发现,通过对大脑图像的分析,可以显示一个人在犯罪时是否是出于有意还是无意。虽然这看起来是一个小区别,但是在法庭上对罪犯量刑时,可能产生重大的影响。

美国的法律,对于犯罪嫌疑人的主观意愿判定,在量刑时是一个非常重要的考虑隐私,故意犯罪和过失犯罪,所受到的处罚程度差别很大。更准确的说,嫌疑人的行为被定性为故意、确定、鲁莽或疏忽,最终进行的处罚量刑裁定有很大的影响。

“在其它所有情况相同、并且犯罪结果相同的情况下,根据犯罪时心理差异的不同,会出现监禁14年或者缓刑这样明显不同的判定结果。”弗吉尼亚理工大学神经学家Read Montague博士表示。“在故意和过失之间向哪一方倾斜,决定着你未来是否还拥有自由。”

Montague和他的团队对超过40人的大脑进行了扫描,并且使用了机器学习算法来对图像进行研究,确定参与调查者是否知道自己已经犯下了罪责。

所有参与者被给定一个测试,所有人都会携带一个行李箱通过边境安检。而这些行李箱中按照不同的概率,有可能出现非法药物,并且有些人知道,有些人不知道,而这就可以用来区分是否故意犯罪的大脑变化。通过对大脑部分的扫描,研究人员能够确定哪些是“明知故犯”,有些只是因为不了解或由于过失而导致这种行为。

这项研究发表在了上周的《美国国家科学院学报》上,展示不同意识下的心理状态和大脑状态。尽管这项研究目前还处于实验室阶段,但是通过对大脑特定部分的扫描,未来很有可能在法庭上成为判定犯罪嫌疑人刑事责任的依据之一。

原始出处:

Vilares I, Wesley MJ, Ahn WY, et al.  Predicting the knowledge-recklessness distinction in the human brain.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 13.

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    2017-04-16 drwjr
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855973, encodeId=f72b18559e3c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Sun Apr 16 22:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=182071, encodeId=42251820e1d6, content=好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Thu Mar 23 07:03:29 CST 2017, time=2017-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181851, encodeId=34e11818514f, content=这个厉害了我的哥, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 07:43:10 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181769, encodeId=bc21181e6918, content=学习了,太厉害了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Mar 22 01:08:21 CST 2017, time=2017-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181757, encodeId=5a6f181e57be, content=科技改变社会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 21 22:51:39 CST 2017, time=2017-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-23 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞,更值得收藏!慢慢领会学习的。

    0

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    2017-03-22 医艺依意

    这个厉害了我的哥

    0

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    2017-03-22 飛歌

    学习了,太厉害了

    0

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    2017-03-21 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    科技改变社会

    0

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