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叶定伟教授:膀胱尿路上皮癌免疫治疗风起云涌

2018-05-17 wrangx 肿瘤资讯

尿路上皮癌是免疫治疗研究的热门瘤种,目前FDA已经批准五种免疫检查点抑制剂用于晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗或不能耐受铂类患者的一线治疗。国内百济神州研发的PD-1单抗治疗晚期尿路上皮癌已进入二期临床。

尿路上皮癌是免疫治疗研究的热门瘤种,目前FDA已经批准五种免疫检查点抑制剂用于晚期尿路上皮癌的二线治疗或不能耐受铂类患者的一线治疗。国内百济神州研发的PD-1单抗治疗晚期尿路上皮癌已进入二期临床

晚期尿路上皮癌二线治疗仍是挑战

尿路上皮癌主要是发生在膀胱、输尿管和肾盂系统尿路上皮的一种癌症。尿路上皮癌的发病率以上海为例,为7.0/10万,居男性恶性肿瘤第7位,而且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。女性尿路上皮癌发病率比男性少50%,以中老年患者居多,吸烟人群发病率明显提升。

目前无法切除或转移晚期尿路上皮癌是治疗上的巨大难点。一线治疗有效率50%左右,但副作用较大,总生存不尽如人意。二线治疗目前尚无确定方案,治疗选择较多但都没有达到预期的效果,所以如何选择二线治疗是未来的一个挑战。

免疫检查点抑制剂在尿路上皮癌中的研究进展

这两年以PD1、PD-L1为靶点的免疫检查点抑制剂是热点,非常幸运的是,尿路上皮癌患者从这类药物治疗中真正的受益。在国外PD1、PD-L1抗体治疗尿路上皮癌风起云涌。首先,作为转移性或无法切除尿路上皮癌的二线治疗手段,与化疗相比有非常大的优势,所以获得美国FDA的批准。与此同时,尿路上皮癌的相关研究正在进一步往早期推进,例如PD1、PD-L1抗体在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌预防复发的治疗中与BCG联用,或者在BCG耐药后使用,以及肌层浸润性膀胱癌全膀胱切除术后的辅助治疗或术前的新辅助治疗。另外,目前转移或无法切除尿路上皮癌一线治疗的临床试验也在进行中,包括CTLA4与PD1/PD-L1联合、或者免疫联合化疗,与标准一线MVAC或GC方案进行比较,希望这些试验能取得令人惊喜的结果。

中国正在开展的尿路上皮癌免疫药物临床研究

令人欣喜的是,在中国,国际公司以及国内原创公司都在国内积极进行PD1、PD-L1抗体治疗尿路上皮癌的研究,包括无法切除或转移性晚期尿路上皮癌的一线治疗、二线治疗研究,针对复发率、转移率比较高的肌层浸润性高危患者的辅助治疗研究,以及未来要开展的非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌卡介苗治疗失败或者耐药患者使用PD1、PD-L1治疗的相关研究。

PD1药物BGB-A317二线治疗有效率令人期待

这个是非常好的药物,属于PD1抗体,在Ⅰ期临床中获得令人惊喜的结果,入组15例尿路上皮癌,完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)4例,疾病稳定(SD)3例,总有效率33%,总疾病控制率达到50%。而且比较有趣的是,PD-L1表达阳性或阴性的患者中均有效。而在我牵头的BGB-A317二线治疗转移性晚期尿路上皮癌的研究正在入组中,其有效率已取得令人期待的结果。

以上提到的BGB-A317(Tislelizumab)正在中国开展的研究为用于治疗PD-L1阳性的局部晚期或转移性膀胱尿路上皮癌的经治患者的单臂、多中心、II期研究,该研究已获得中国食品药品监督管理总局(CFDA)批准(批件号2016L08019),目前正在上海、北京、广州、南京、天津、杭州、南昌、广州、成都、武汉、福州、温州、沈阳等地多家三甲医院的泌尿外科或肿瘤科开展。研究计划纳入总样本量为110例受试者,其中在中国约入组100例。研究主要终点指标为客观缓解率(ORR);次要终点指标为缓解持续时间(DOR)、无进展生存期(PFS)、疾病控制率(DCR)和总生存期(OS)。

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    2019-04-23 huangdf
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    2018-05-17 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

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