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王辰院士:“三级查房”制度不科学 建议取消!

2017-06-14 徐毓才 看医界

6月11日,《健康报》“周末推荐”栏目推荐了中日友好医院院长王辰院士的建议:取消"三级查房"制度。这一颠覆性的建议如一石激起千层浪,迅速引发了医界的广泛关注和热烈讨论。因为自从我们做医生的那天起,无时无刻不在强调着“核心制度”,而“三级医师查房制度”从来就没有出过核心制度的圈儿。

6月11日,《健康报》“周末推荐”栏目推荐了中日友好医院院长王辰院士的建议:取消"三级查房"制度。这一颠覆性的建议如一石激起千层浪,迅速引发了医界的广泛关注和热烈讨论。因为自从我们做医生的那天起,无时无刻不在强调着“核心制度”,而“三级医师查房制度”从来就没有出过核心制度的圈儿。

据了解,根据去年9月出台的《医疗质量管理办法》中“三级查房制度”为18项核心制度之一。而所谓“核心制度”是指医疗机构及其医务人员在诊疗活动中应当严格遵守的相关制度。谁曾想,王辰院长竟提出“取消”。

王辰:“三级查房”制度不科学

那么,王院长何出此言?王辰院士认为,三级查房”制度是不科学的,亦有悖于国际通行做法。

并认为,这种制度导致的结果就是医疗责任主体不清,将有经验的高年资医生“悬置”,导致患者不能直接看上高年资医生,高年资医生也难以直接与患者接触,会影响对患者的直接观察和临床经验积累,延迟青年医生独立诊疗的年限,对临床医生队伍的成长非常不利,会从整体上降低中国临床界的医疗能力。

实际上,我们当下确立的“三级医师查房制度”又是怎么要求的呢?

三级医师查房制度规定,主任医师或副主任医师作为三级查房的“顶层”,一般每周查房1-2次,主要解决疑难病例、审查新入院及危重病人的诊疗计划,决定重大手术及特殊检查、新的治疗方法及参加全科会诊。也负责抽查医嘱、病历及护理质量,发现缺陷,改正错误,指导实践,不断提高医疗水平。利用典型、特殊病例进行教学查房,以提高教学水平。

作为“中间层”的主治医师被要求每日查房一次,对主管病人进行系统查房,确定诊断、治疗方案以及手术方式和进一步检查措施,了解病情变化并进行疗效评定。对危重病人应随时进行巡视检查和重点查房,如住院医师邀请应随喊随到,提出有效和切实可行的处理措施,必要时进行晚查房。对新入院病人制定诊疗计划,对诊断不明或治疗效果不好的病例,进行重点检查与讨论,查明原因。对疑难、危急病例或特殊病例,应及时向科主任汇报并安排主任或副主任医师查房。

患者住院的日常管理由住院医师负责,住院医师对所管的病人每日至少查房2次,一般要求上、下午各1次,危重病人和新入院病人及手术病人重点查房并随时巡视,发现病情变化及时处理,并将危急、疑难的新入院病例和特殊病例及时向上级医师汇报。

按照王辰院士的观点,三级医师查房制度的设计,实际上已经把住院医师作为住院诊疗中必备的层级。而住院医师只是在住院医师规范化培训基地中才有,以能力和经验并不具备独立执业的资格,其实真正可以面对患者的主体应该是主诊医师或主治医师。因此上,三级医师查房制度却将患者的首诊和密切接触的权力让渡给一个并不最优质的医师,实际上是对患者的不负责。

医疗职称体系扭曲惹的祸?

为什么会出现这种情况呢?王辰院士认为,最根本的原因是我们的医疗职称体系扭曲,混淆了执业定位与学术水平标志,由此带来一系列问题。言下之意,就是说,住院医师、主治医师、副主任医师、主任医师是学术水平的标志,而什么样的人可以独立接诊病人是“执业定位”问题。

当然,《中华人民共和国执业医师法》已经明确,只要通过全国统一的执业医师考试,获得执业医师资格,经医疗机构注册后取得《执业医师证书》就可以独立执业,但实际上从临床医疗角度,从对生命安全负责角度看,还显得经验不足。

建议实行主诊医师负责制!

那么废除“三级医师查房制度”后,应该怎么建立一个更好的制度呢?

王辰院士认为,应该借鉴国际上通行的做法,实行主诊医师(主治医师,Attendingphysician)负责制。这里的“主治医师”不同于我们通常说的技术职称上的“主治医师”,实际上指的是包括主治医师在内的以上职称的各级医师,包括主治医师、副主任医师、主任医师,即:年资再高、再“大”的医师在临床上管病人时,其角色也是主治医师,也就是主要负责病人治疗的医师。若遇疑难病例,可以请长于此道的医师会诊。

王辰还提出,与主诊医师负责制相匹配的制度是全院护理垂直管理和全院床位统一调配,为主诊医师行医提供相应平台支持。

《健康报》在报道的最后还用中日医院的探索实践,给主诊医师负责制改革的成绩做出了肯定,并取得了良好的效果,医疗效率获得较显着提高。

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993080, encodeId=4979199308063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e2e019e31d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19731, encryptionId=e2e019e31d1, topicName=三级查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 00:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651462, encodeId=42e3165146232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Thu May 17 09:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689457, encodeId=19aa168945e64, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ad0619e19b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19719, encryptionId=ad0619e19b0, topicName=三级)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0eeb28833546, createdName=luckyshitiancai_42705693, createdTime=Sat Jan 13 19:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212644, encodeId=436421264478, content=医院的等级分明,官僚作风比较普遍,不太好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCxzIqGgHGpnv0v7a7MZQHVVjxvBfHWenpTPmFhDxa6vn3qno88vft2DRqYcyUBQFCRouANp2WgxQ/0, createdBy=b35a44222, createdName=kane35, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 07:42:42 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551883, encodeId=eb6215518832e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bbf618e10a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61871, encryptionId=6bbf618e10a, topicName=查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59514235100, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 15:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=210633, encodeId=53332106335f, content=三级查房制度对应的就是医生负责制,由主管医生全权负责。中国之所以实行三级查房制度,是因为有大量的年轻医生水平并不高。如果未来有一天有人工智能的话,医生就平等的,这时候三级查房可以取消掉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Jun 14 11:59:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-19 kane35

    医院的等级分明,官僚作风比较普遍,不太好。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993080, encodeId=4979199308063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e2e019e31d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19731, encryptionId=e2e019e31d1, topicName=三级查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 00:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651462, encodeId=42e3165146232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Thu May 17 09:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689457, encodeId=19aa168945e64, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ad0619e19b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19719, encryptionId=ad0619e19b0, topicName=三级)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0eeb28833546, createdName=luckyshitiancai_42705693, createdTime=Sat Jan 13 19:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212644, encodeId=436421264478, content=医院的等级分明,官僚作风比较普遍,不太好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCxzIqGgHGpnv0v7a7MZQHVVjxvBfHWenpTPmFhDxa6vn3qno88vft2DRqYcyUBQFCRouANp2WgxQ/0, createdBy=b35a44222, createdName=kane35, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 07:42:42 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551883, encodeId=eb6215518832e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bbf618e10a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61871, encryptionId=6bbf618e10a, topicName=查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59514235100, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 15:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=210633, encodeId=53332106335f, content=三级查房制度对应的就是医生负责制,由主管医生全权负责。中国之所以实行三级查房制度,是因为有大量的年轻医生水平并不高。如果未来有一天有人工智能的话,医生就平等的,这时候三级查房可以取消掉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Jun 14 11:59:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-15 smartjoy
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993080, encodeId=4979199308063, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e2e019e31d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19731, encryptionId=e2e019e31d1, topicName=三级查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 01 00:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651462, encodeId=42e3165146232, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Thu May 17 09:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1689457, encodeId=19aa168945e64, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ad0619e19b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三级#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19719, encryptionId=ad0619e19b0, topicName=三级)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0eeb28833546, createdName=luckyshitiancai_42705693, createdTime=Sat Jan 13 19:52:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=212644, encodeId=436421264478, content=医院的等级分明,官僚作风比较普遍,不太好。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCxzIqGgHGpnv0v7a7MZQHVVjxvBfHWenpTPmFhDxa6vn3qno88vft2DRqYcyUBQFCRouANp2WgxQ/0, createdBy=b35a44222, createdName=kane35, createdTime=Mon Jun 19 07:42:42 CST 2017, time=2017-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1551883, encodeId=eb6215518832e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bbf618e10a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#查房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61871, encryptionId=6bbf618e10a, topicName=查房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59514235100, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 15:52:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=210633, encodeId=53332106335f, content=三级查房制度对应的就是医生负责制,由主管医生全权负责。中国之所以实行三级查房制度,是因为有大量的年轻医生水平并不高。如果未来有一天有人工智能的话,医生就平等的,这时候三级查房可以取消掉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Jun 14 11:59:11 CST 2017, time=2017-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-14 lovetcm

    三级查房制度对应的就是医生负责制,由主管医生全权负责。中国之所以实行三级查房制度,是因为有大量的年轻医生水平并不高。如果未来有一天有人工智能的话,医生就平等的,这时候三级查房可以取消掉

    0

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