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Diabetes Care:颠覆传统——减肥、降尿酸,你可能吃错了!

2021-04-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

非低嘌呤减肥饮食可能同时通过减少肥胖和胰岛素抵抗来改善糖尿病和心血管危险因素。

高尿酸血症是痛风的必要前期过程。作为胰岛素抵抗综合征的一部分,高尿酸血症和痛风都与心脏代谢疾病和过早死亡风险增加有关。此前有流行病学研究已将各种饮食和生活方式因素与血清尿酸浓度和痛风联系起来,但来自饮食干预试验的证据却仍很少。

痛风示意图

通常,医生会建议高尿酸血症或痛风患者遵循低嘌呤(即低蛋白)饮食以减少嘌呤负荷。然而,饮食中的嘌呤通常降低尿酸幅度不超过1mg/dL。此外,低嘌呤饮食可导致蛋精制碳水和不健康脂肪摄入增加,后者往往会因增加肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和血浆葡萄糖、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)颗粒浓度而加重痛风的心脏代谢共病的发生。

由此可见,长期来看,低嘌呤饮食可能并不健康。目前尚无临床试验证明服用降尿酸药物是否对高尿酸血症患者其他血管代谢风险存在影响,包括体重、血脂、血压或肾功能等。

 为此,来自哈佛大学医学院和麻省总医院的专家对三种常见减肥饮食对降尿酸及心血管疾病风险的影响进行了全面的研究,结果发表在Diabetes Care杂志上。

这项饮食干预随机对照试验(DIRECT)的二次研究使用了235名中度肥胖参与者的储存样本,随机分配到低脂肪、限制能量摄入(低脂组,n = 85);地中海、限制能量摄入(地中海饮食组,n = 76);或低碳水化合物、不限制能量摄入(低碳水组,n = 74)饮食。

研究人员随访了参与者6个月(短期)和24个月(长期)时整体的体重和尿酸变化,以及高尿酸血症参与者(尿酸≥416μmol/L)尿酸水平变化。

三组饮食减肥组参与者随访期间尿酸变化

在所有受试者中,6个月和24个月时尿酸的平均单位减少量分别为48μmol/L和18μmol/L。其中,第24个月时三组饮食降低尿酸水平无差异,分别为24 、12 、18 μmol/L。在6个月时,低脂、地中海和低碳水组合并高尿酸血症患者尿酸分别降低113、119和143μmol/L,而24个月时则分别为65、77和83μmol/L ,组间均无明显差异。

有趣的是,研究人员发现,低碳水和高蛋白饮食有更好的降尿酸效果,甚至比低蛋白饮食更佳。

三组饮食减肥组参与者随访期间心血管代谢因素变化

而有关心血管代谢风险,三组体重、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇:HDL-C比率、甘油三酯和胰岛素浓度都有所改善。调整协变量后,体重和空腹血浆胰岛素浓度的变化仍然与血糖水平的变化相关。

综上,非低嘌呤减肥饮食更能同时通过减少肥胖和胰岛素抵抗来改善糖尿病和心血管危险因素。这些饮食选择可以提供个性化的途径来适应不同患者的偏好。

 

参考文献:

Effects of Low-Fat, Mediterranean, or Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Serum Urate and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT). Diabetes Care 2020 Nov; 43(11): 2812-2820.

https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1002

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    2022-07-18 ms4000000901131801

    学习学习到了

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    2021-05-02 ms2000000159050008

    学习了

    0

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    2021-04-11 ms2000001361349190

    阅读

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    2021-04-10 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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