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Brain:影响80%的中风患者,决策科学教你如何改善中风后认知能力恢复

2021-08-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

神经科学决策附加干预措施明显增加了严重受损的中风患者进行的有效认知训练的数量。

许多现代医疗干预措施严重依赖于患者的行为,但却缺乏有效的工具来确保患者的依从性:有的患者跳过必要的药物治疗,有的则只进行规定的一半最低限度的体育活动,还有的根本不坚持饮食建议。这对于中风后的康复也是如此。

每年有1600万人首次中风。除了身体上的缺陷,学习、记忆和执行功能的损害是中风引起的脑损伤的常见后果,影响了高达80%的中风幸存者,并大大削弱了患者的独立性、参与度、生活质量和长期结果。其中一个原因是康复训练需要大量的努力和坚持,而这些动机要求往往被认为是几乎无法达到。

那么,我们如何才能帮助病人更频繁地实现自我指导的神经康复训练(和其他规定的治疗)?有科学家认为,决策神经科学和行为经济学中开发的动机模型和工具提供了有希望的,但在很大程度上尚未开发的临床潜力。

此外,这些机会成本可以通过 "预先承诺 "来解决——代理人自愿提前修改自己的选择集,目的是增加目标行动的可能性。然而,到目前为止,只有以惩罚为基础的预先承诺在现实生活中被试用过,且它的拒绝率很高。

如何借助决策神经科学,将行为的驱动因素和阻力因素正规化,并提供使动机权衡和行为改变的策略?来自德国杜塞尔多夫大学医学院临床神经科学和医学心理学研究所的专家使用了这样一种策略,即前期自愿选择限制("预先承诺"),并测试了它是否能够增加严重受损的中风患者的自我康复训练的数量。结果发表在近期的《大脑》Brain杂志上。

在这项随机对照研究中,有工作记忆障碍的中风患者(n = 83)被规定每天进行自我指导的游戏化认知训练,作为急性期后住院神经康复期间标准治疗的补充。被分配到预先承诺干预的病人可以选择将竞争选项限制在自我指导训练上,特别是与来访者见面的可能性。

研究设计、招募、分配和分析

结果显示,干预组中的所有病人都选择了这种预先的选择限制,而且非常有效。预先承诺组的患者进行规定的自我游戏化认知训练的次数是没有得到预先承诺的对照组患者的两倍[50% vs 21%的天数,Pcorr = 0. 004,d=0.87,95%置信区间(CI95%)=0.31-1.42],因此,达到的总训练剂量高出3倍(90.21 vs 33.60分钟,Pcorr=0.004,d=0.83,CI95%=0.27-1.38)。

此外,附加的自我导向认知训练与视觉空间和言语工作记忆表现的更大改善有关(Pcorr = 0.002,d = 0.72和Pcorr = 0.036,d = 0.62)。

预先承诺组合干预组的训练效果。预先承诺增强了训练行为(A-C)。显示了预先承诺组(绿色)和对照组(灰色)的训练频率(A)、从不参加训练的比例(B)和进行向导训练的总量(C)。附加训练与更强的认知改善有关(D-G)。

由此可见,神经科学决策附加干预措施明显增加了严重受损的中风患者进行的有效认知训练的数量。这些结果值得进行全面的临床试验,将基于决策的神经科学干预措施与临床结果直接联系起来。

 

参考文献:

A decision-neuroscientific intervention to improve cognitive recovery after stroke, Brain, Volume 144, Issue 6, June 2021, Pages 1764–1773, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab128

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538107, encodeId=b2bf153810e94, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e835226210e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中风患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22621, encryptionId=e835226210e, topicName=中风患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b5612933772, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541879, encodeId=694915418e94e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8ca3108823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#决策#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31088, encryptionId=e8ca3108823, topicName=决策)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e76e13331157, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006821, encodeId=bfe9100682112, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=83ce5486924, createdName=ms7000001053302115, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 00:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046105, encodeId=8cf4104610548, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Mon Aug 09 17:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006322, encodeId=c8d7100632231, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Aug 09 14:07:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-11 ms7000001053302115

    学到了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538107, encodeId=b2bf153810e94, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e835226210e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中风患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22621, encryptionId=e835226210e, topicName=中风患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b5612933772, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541879, encodeId=694915418e94e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8ca3108823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#决策#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31088, encryptionId=e8ca3108823, topicName=决策)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e76e13331157, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006821, encodeId=bfe9100682112, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=83ce5486924, createdName=ms7000001053302115, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 00:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046105, encodeId=8cf4104610548, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Mon Aug 09 17:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006322, encodeId=c8d7100632231, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Aug 09 14:07:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-09 guging

    中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1538107, encodeId=b2bf153810e94, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e835226210e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中风患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22621, encryptionId=e835226210e, topicName=中风患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1b5612933772, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1541879, encodeId=694915418e94e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e8ca3108823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#决策#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31088, encryptionId=e8ca3108823, topicName=决策)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e76e13331157, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 05:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006821, encodeId=bfe9100682112, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=83ce5486924, createdName=ms7000001053302115, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 00:59:28 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046105, encodeId=8cf4104610548, content=中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=guging, createdTime=Mon Aug 09 17:02:47 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006322, encodeId=c8d7100632231, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Aug 09 14:07:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-09 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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