Baidu
map

肿瘤患者睡眠障碍的治疗

2019-03-17 程学芳 上海药讯

恶性肿瘤患者常伴有睡眠障碍,研究表明,恶性肿瘤患者睡眠障碍的发生率是普通人群的2倍,为52.6%~67.4%,主要表现为失眠障碍。睡眠障碍不仅会导致机体的免疫功能下降,影响生存质量,而且也是导致恶性肿瘤患者治疗效果不理想、治疗中断的常见原因。

恶性肿瘤患者常伴有睡眠障碍,研究表明,恶性肿瘤患者睡眠障碍的发生率是普通人群的2倍,为52.6%~67.4%,主要表现为失眠障碍。睡眠障碍不仅会导致机体的免疫功能下降,影响生存质量,而且也是导致恶性肿瘤患者治疗效果不理想、治疗中断的常见原因。

恶性肿瘤患者发生睡眠障碍的原因是多方面的,有基础因素包括性别、年龄、心理素质、睡眠史等;加剧因素包括肿瘤的类型与分期、分型,癌性疼痛以及治疗环境和治疗导致的相关不良反应如腹胀、腹泻、过敏、瘙痒、恶心呕吐等症状;慢性促成因素包括不良的生活和睡眠习惯,比如吸烟、饮酒、营养不良、作息不规律等。多数肿瘤患者都有焦虑,焦虑可引起睡眠障碍,而持久的失眠状态又会使焦虑的情绪加重,从而形成恶性循环。

针对慢性失眠症需要进行规范性治疗,而针对于短期失眠症,首先要找到相关的诱发因素,然后进行积极的治疗。针对慢性失眠症需要进行规范性治疗,主要包括心理治疗、药物治疗、物理治疗等。

1.心理治疗

失眠认知行为治疗(CBT-I)应作为慢性失眠障碍的初始及一线治疗,主要包括睡眠限制、刺激控制、放松策略、认知疗法及睡眠卫生教育等组分。简化版的CBT-I包括四大措施:①减少在床上的时间,使之尽可能接近真实的睡眠时长;②无论前一晚睡了多长时间,次日都在同一时间起床;③只有在困了之后才上床;④除非处于睡眠状态,否则不留在床上(不赖床)。

2.药物治疗

推荐在心理治疗的基础上,酌情给予催眠药物,药物治疗应遵循个体化原则、按需、间断、足量的原则。小剂量开始给药,达到有效剂量后不轻易调整药物剂量;按需服药、间断治疗,可以每周选择3-5天服药而不是连续每晚用药。需长期药物治疗的患者宜“按需服药”;抗抑郁药不能采用间歇疗程的方法;短于4周的药物干预可连续治疗;超过4周的药物干预需每个月定期评估,每6个月或旧病复发时,需对睡眠情况全面评估;必要时变更方案,或者根据患者的睡眠改善状况适时采用间歇治疗 。

2.1药物治疗的选择

首选短、中效的苯二氮?受体激动剂 (BzRA) 或褪黑素受体激动剂 (如雷美替胺)、具有镇静作用的抗抑郁药物 ( 如曲唑酮、米氮平、氟伏沙明和多塞平),后者尤其适用于伴有抑郁和/(或) 焦虑症的失眠症患者。不推荐抗癫痫药、抗精神病药作为首选药物使用,仅适用于某些特殊情况和人群。某些非处方药和中草药如抗组胺药、褪黑素和酸枣仁等证据有限,故不推荐以上作为失眠症的一线治疗药物。食欲素受体拮抗剂中suvorexant已被 FDA批准用于失眠的治疗。

2.2药物治疗的调整

治疗剂量无效、对药物产生耐受性或严重不良反应等情况时,应考虑换药治疗,需逐渐减少原有药物剂量,同时开始给予另一种药物,并逐渐加量,在2周左右完成换药过程。而患者感觉能够自我控制睡眠时,考虑逐渐减量、停药;如失眠症与其他疾病 (如抑郁症) 或生活事件相关,当病因去除后,也应考虑减量、停药,但需避免突然中止药物治疗,应逐步减量、停药以减 少失眠反弹,有时减量过程需要数周至数个月。

2.3药物治疗的终止

患者感觉能够自我控制睡眠时,可考虑逐渐减量停药;如失眠与其他疾病(如抑郁症)病因去除后,也应考虑减量停用镇静催眠药物。避免突然中止药物治疗,应逐步减停以减少失眠反弹,有时减量过程需要数周至数月。

3.物理治疗

此外光照疗法、重复经颅磁刺激和生物反馈疗法等物理治疗方法,不良反应小,临床应用的可接受性强,以上物理治疗方法可以作为心理治疗和药物治疗失眠症的补充技术。

4.中国特色-中医学治疗

中医治疗失眠症有着悠久的历史,中医药治疗失眠强调以辨证论治为原则,根据急性、亚急性、慢性失眠病程各阶段的证候动态变化随时变换用药。急性期以安魂镇魄、健脑安神、活血化瘀为主要治法,亚急性期和慢性期以交通心肾、补益心脾等方法。治疗手段包括中药汤剂、中成药、针灸、推拿、药浴及催眠治疗等。根据不同病期的临床特点和患者病情选择上述方法,以综合治疗方案为宜,可促进患者节律紊乱快速或逐渐恢复正常,提高对失眠症的调节功能。

总之,恶性肿瘤患者及家属应当调整心态,正确面对,接受正规的治疗,提高睡眠质量,使肿瘤的治疗与康复更加顺利。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377751, encodeId=50903e775173, content=很好的学习资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/20/4eb30e002d283d7d1b61197c0e17c719.jpg, createdBy=b84b2405802, createdName=小灯, createdTime=Fri Jan 03 23:37:33 CST 2020, time=2020-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364043, encodeId=01723640438d, content=睡眠跟免疫密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 07:24:12 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424278, encodeId=91a614242e86a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362944, encodeId=49ad362944d3, content=肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:07:43 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362865, encodeId=6d05362865a1, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:42:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-03 小灯

    很好的学习资料

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377751, encodeId=50903e775173, content=很好的学习资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/20/4eb30e002d283d7d1b61197c0e17c719.jpg, createdBy=b84b2405802, createdName=小灯, createdTime=Fri Jan 03 23:37:33 CST 2020, time=2020-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364043, encodeId=01723640438d, content=睡眠跟免疫密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 07:24:12 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424278, encodeId=91a614242e86a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362944, encodeId=49ad362944d3, content=肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:07:43 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362865, encodeId=6d05362865a1, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:42:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-03 gcwu82

    睡眠跟免疫密切相关

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377751, encodeId=50903e775173, content=很好的学习资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/20/4eb30e002d283d7d1b61197c0e17c719.jpg, createdBy=b84b2405802, createdName=小灯, createdTime=Fri Jan 03 23:37:33 CST 2020, time=2020-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364043, encodeId=01723640438d, content=睡眠跟免疫密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 07:24:12 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424278, encodeId=91a614242e86a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362944, encodeId=49ad362944d3, content=肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:07:43 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362865, encodeId=6d05362865a1, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:42:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377751, encodeId=50903e775173, content=很好的学习资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/20/4eb30e002d283d7d1b61197c0e17c719.jpg, createdBy=b84b2405802, createdName=小灯, createdTime=Fri Jan 03 23:37:33 CST 2020, time=2020-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364043, encodeId=01723640438d, content=睡眠跟免疫密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 07:24:12 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424278, encodeId=91a614242e86a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362944, encodeId=49ad362944d3, content=肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:07:43 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362865, encodeId=6d05362865a1, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:42:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-18 jyzxjiangqin

    肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377751, encodeId=50903e775173, content=很好的学习资料, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/20/4eb30e002d283d7d1b61197c0e17c719.jpg, createdBy=b84b2405802, createdName=小灯, createdTime=Fri Jan 03 23:37:33 CST 2020, time=2020-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=364043, encodeId=01723640438d, content=睡眠跟免疫密切相关, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=650f104372, createdName=gcwu82, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 07:24:12 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1424278, encodeId=91a614242e86a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:19:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362944, encodeId=49ad362944d3, content=肿瘤患者的睡眠障碍治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Mar 18 18:07:43 CST 2019, time=2019-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=362865, encodeId=6d05362865a1, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Mar 17 06:42:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

约1/3肿瘤可预防,委员建议将肿瘤预防筛查早诊纳入医保

我国启动抗癌药专项谈判后,17种抗癌药价格大幅度下降,并纳入医保报销范围。如何预防肿瘤比较有效?目前肿瘤预防和治疗过程中的痛点难点是什么?3月12日,全国政协委员季加孚、王贵齐、任红做客中央广播电视总台央视5G新媒体直播栏目“委员夜话”,一起聊肿瘤防治。我国肿瘤发病率处于全球中等水平北京大学肿瘤医院院长季加孚委员说,我们国家肿瘤的发病率处于全球的中等水平。但是我们国家人口基数大,因此相对来说肿瘤的

天境生物宣布完成TJ107中国区1b/2a临床首例肿瘤患者给药

聚焦于肿瘤免疫和自身免疫疾病治疗领域的生物创新药研发公司天境生物科技(上海)有限公司(以下称“天境生物”)宣布针对晚期实体瘤患者的长效白介素-7(IL-7)融合蛋白TJ107(HyLeukin)完成中国地区1b/2a期临床试验首例患者给药。TJ107是由韩国上市公司Genexine开发全球首个长效IL-7,天境生物拥有其中国大陆、香港、澳门及台湾地区的开发和商业化独家权益。TJ107的1b期试验是

Clin Cancer Res:液体活检揭示唾液外泌体检测肿瘤嵌合RNA

暨南大学医学院教授张灏课题组在液体活检另辟蹊径,揭示唾液外泌体检测肿瘤嵌合RNA。相关研究2月11日在线发表在美国癌症学会(AACR)官方刊物《临床癌症研究》。

PNAS:阿司匹林可刺激癌症的消退

肿瘤微环境中的炎症是肿瘤生长的强启动子。大量流行病学证据表明,抑制炎症的阿司匹林可降低患癌症的风险。

超声引导下头皮神经阻滞用于脑功能区肿瘤切除术中唤醒一例

病人,女,21岁,体重58kg。因突发一过性右上肢抽搐并晕厥2周,再发一过性右上肢抽搐3天入院。头颅CT及MRI检查提示左顶叶肿瘤性病变,少突胶质细胞瘤可能性大。拟在术中唤醒联合神经电生理和颅脑超声定位下行功能区脑肿瘤切除术。由于肿瘤邻近皮质运动区,术中唤醒后只需要患者配合运动手脚,决定行睡眠-清醒-睡眠技术(Asleep-awake-asleep,AAA),喉罩保护气道。

超声造影及增强CT诊断肝脏血管周上皮样肿瘤1例

患者女,49岁,汉族,已婚,农民。以3d前右下肢出现大片状红斑到我院皮肤科就诊收住入院。体格检查:无明显异常。实验室检查:肿瘤标记物CA72413.6U/ml,其余阴性。超声检查:肝左叶见大小约61mm×56mm实性略高回声占位,边界清晰,内部回声不均匀,CDFI:肿块周边及内部见较丰富血流信号。超声造影:造影剂注入肿块后9s呈环状且向心性轮辐样高增强,10s迅速强化,30s逐渐消退,肿块边界清晰

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map