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大数据分类利器---支持向量机(SVM)入门介绍

2015-10-25 MedSci MedSci原创

什么是分类分析? 让我们思考一个例子。假设某总体50%是男性,50% 是女性。你想要通过一个样本(集)获取一些规则,以确定总体其余部分成员的性别。使用支持向量机,相当于建立一个判断某人是男是女的机器。这是个典型的分类问题。我们试图通过一些规则,把总体分为两个可能的部分。出于简便考虑,这里假设两个用来区分的要素为:身高、头发长度。样本集的散点图如下: 图中的蓝色圆点代表女性,绿色方块代表男性

什么是分类分析? 让我们思考一个例子。假设某总体50%是男性,50% 是女性。你想要通过一个样本(集)获取一些规则,以确定总体其余部分成员的性别。使用支持向量机,相当于建立一个判断某人是男是女的机器。这是个典型的分类问题。我们试图通过一些规则,把总体分为两个可能的部分。出于简便考虑,这里假设两个用来区分的要素为:身高、头发长度。样本集的散点图如下: 图中的蓝色圆点代表女性,绿色方块代表男性。从图中可以推测: 1.总体中的男性平均身高更高 2.总体中的女性头发更长 如果某人身高180cm,头发4cm长,我们更可能将其判定为男性。这就是做分类分析的方式。 支持向量是什么?支持向量机(SVM)是什么? 支持向量就是单条记录的坐标。比如(45,150) 是对应一名女性的支持向量。支持向量机是能够区分男性和女性的最佳边界。在本例中,两个类别相隔清晰,所以更容易找到支持向量机。 如何确定当前案例的支持向量机? 当前的案例有很多可能的边界。下面是三种可能情况: 我们要如何确定哪条是最佳的边界? 要解释支持向量机目标函数(objective function)最简单的方法,是寻找与边界最近的支持向量(

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983967, encodeId=73c1198396e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf795e0762b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支持向量机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57076, encryptionId=cf795e0762b, topicName=支持向量机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41311, encodeId=96fd413110b, content=不明觉厉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 11:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41296, encodeId=4dca41296ee, content=好复杂,看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90ea1614944, createdName=huangwukui, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41290, encodeId=96364129092, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41283, encodeId=bc4d4128353, content=好复杂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c0879410, createdName=m510429, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 06:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41260, encodeId=cc324126000, content=朕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 23:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 lixh1719

    不明觉厉

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983967, encodeId=73c1198396e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf795e0762b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支持向量机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57076, encryptionId=cf795e0762b, topicName=支持向量机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41311, encodeId=96fd413110b, content=不明觉厉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 11:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41296, encodeId=4dca41296ee, content=好复杂,看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90ea1614944, createdName=huangwukui, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41290, encodeId=96364129092, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41283, encodeId=bc4d4128353, content=好复杂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c0879410, createdName=m510429, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 06:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41260, encodeId=cc324126000, content=朕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 23:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 huangwukui

    好复杂,看不明白

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983967, encodeId=73c1198396e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf795e0762b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支持向量机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57076, encryptionId=cf795e0762b, topicName=支持向量机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41311, encodeId=96fd413110b, content=不明觉厉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 11:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41296, encodeId=4dca41296ee, content=好复杂,看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90ea1614944, createdName=huangwukui, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41290, encodeId=96364129092, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41283, encodeId=bc4d4128353, content=好复杂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c0879410, createdName=m510429, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 06:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41260, encodeId=cc324126000, content=朕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 23:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 风中云追忆

    可以看看

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1983967, encodeId=73c1198396e6f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf795e0762b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#支持向量机#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=57076, encryptionId=cf795e0762b, topicName=支持向量机)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 08:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41311, encodeId=96fd413110b, content=不明觉厉, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 11:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41296, encodeId=4dca41296ee, content=好复杂,看不明白, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=157, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90ea1614944, createdName=huangwukui, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41290, encodeId=96364129092, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 08:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41283, encodeId=bc4d4128353, content=好复杂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=194, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c0879410, createdName=m510429, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 06:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41260, encodeId=cc324126000, content=朕, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150904/IMG55E8DB68F05883098.jpg, createdBy=e00a1631985, createdName=fengzhigu, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 23:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 m510429

    好复杂

    0

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    2015-10-25 fengzhigu

    0

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