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头孢 — 皮试乎,不皮试乎?

2015-12-30 佚名 医学之声

这个话题,老生常谈。但是不得不谈。头孢类抗菌素我们临床医生几乎每天都会用到,头孢类抗菌药物引起的过敏反应、过敏性休克甚至死亡的纠纷时有发生。头孢到底要不要皮试?   不要者说:   1、目前我国药政管理部门对头孢类药的皮试问题无明文规定,药品说明书也无明文规定要求做。 但是有一种除外,就是头孢美唑,在它的说明书中写到“用药前进行皮肤过敏试验为宜”,其他的都注明:对青霉

这个话题,老生常谈。但是不得不谈。头孢类抗菌素我们临床医生几乎每天都会用到,头孢类抗菌药物引起的过敏反应、过敏性休克甚至死亡的纠纷时有发生。头孢到底要不要皮试?
 
不要者说:
 
1、目前我国药政管理部门对头孢类药的皮试问题无明文规定,药品说明书也无明文规定要求做。
但是有一种除外,就是头孢美唑,在它的说明书中写到“用药前进行皮肤过敏试验为宜”,其他的都注明:对青霉素过敏者慎用!(在青霉素过敏的人群中10%与头孢有交叉过敏)
 
2、迄今未见任何研究报导头孢菌素皮试可以预测患者对于头孢类药是否过敏。
 
3、目前没有公认的头孢菌素类抗生素皮试试验方法
 
包括所用皮试液的品种、浓度、皮肤试验的剂量和判断标准等。浓度高不仅危险增加,且假阳性也增多。浓度低则假阴性增多。而不经过大样本临床试验,则无法确定国人的最佳皮试浓度。根据数据数据显示,皮试的准确率小于30%。
 
头孢类抗菌素过敏的发生率其实比喹诺酮类还低,根据国外数据,发生率为:0.0001-0.1%,就是说7000-25000人中才有一个发生。其过敏死亡率为1/50000 - 1/60000。与临床所用几千种药物(尤其是抗菌药)相近。同品种、不同规格、不同厂家的头孢菌素类药物产生过敏反应的程度也可能不一样。
 
从法律角度上看:
 
首先,以说明书为法律依据,说明书就是标准,依照说明书,就没有什么可做可不做的,写着必须皮试的,你就必须做,没写的,就不可以做。再次,头孢皮试液根本就没有什么配制的国家标准,青霉素皮试液药典上有标准,但头孢皮试却根本没有,我曾看过多种头孢类的说明书,根本就没有配制标准,你又凭什么给患者使用没有标准的皮试液?出问题的时候上法庭又可能败诉,因为你没有依据。所以,从患者用药安全有效的角度考虑,做不做皮试完全取决于药品说明书。不按说明书做皮试并不能减少医方责任,为了自己,也是做不做皮试完全取决于药品说明书。从人性关怀角度去考虑,没有必要做皮试的你让他挨上这一针,徒增痛苦,浪费时间,增加护士工作量,也是没必要的;而且好多本来可以应用的药物被一个假阳性皮试结果限制了使用,也不利于患者的治疗。
 
需要者说:
 
由于医疗纠纷不断,且过敏反应与患者个体差异、药品理化特性及药品质量等因素,目前一些医院为相对安全起见,相继采取了在使用头孢菌素类注射剂前做皮试的作法。希望做了能减少一些过敏风险,从而减少医疗纠纷。
 
在当前的医疗社会环境下,采取这些十分谨慎的做法是可以理解的。医疗大环境复杂,法规不健全,医务人员随时有可能处在风口浪尖,临床实践中患者确须使用头孢类药物,但如何判定患者是否在禁忌之列,用还是不用?如何用?如何预防?没有法规,又有禁忌,如何规避风险?还希望国家早日出台相关规定为医疗实践指明方向。

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    2016-01-08 andruhn

    好东西,值得分享,学习了!

    0

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    2016-01-03 xyfg98

    悬乎

    0

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    2016-01-01 jj000003
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=54668, encodeId=636a546682c, content=好东西,值得分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69b61619007, createdName=andruhn, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 19:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51525, encodeId=0e8b51525b9, content=悬乎, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=179, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459517, encodeId=e0ef145951ee5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82a24434020' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头孢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44340, encryptionId=82a24434020, topicName=头孢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=acae6165124, createdName=jj000003, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1550965, encodeId=6441155096591, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82c8e214637' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮试#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72146, encryptionId=82c8e214637, topicName=皮试)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=15c114147762, createdName=gj0736, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50784, encodeId=9fa950e84cb, content=应该是, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 12:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50668, encodeId=936b506684c, content=唉╯﹏╰也难做, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=184, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20201675648, createdName=幻异域云鹰, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 01:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50610, encodeId=fda650610a7, content=不要皮试,其实关键是药物的质量,在国际上,青霉素都不要皮试的,那是进口的,国产的必须要皮试。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 18:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-01 gj0736
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=54668, encodeId=636a546682c, content=好东西,值得分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69b61619007, createdName=andruhn, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 19:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51525, encodeId=0e8b51525b9, content=悬乎, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=179, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459517, encodeId=e0ef145951ee5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82a24434020' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头孢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44340, encryptionId=82a24434020, topicName=头孢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=acae6165124, createdName=jj000003, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1550965, encodeId=6441155096591, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82c8e214637' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮试#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72146, encryptionId=82c8e214637, topicName=皮试)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=15c114147762, createdName=gj0736, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50784, encodeId=9fa950e84cb, content=应该是, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 12:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50668, encodeId=936b506684c, content=唉╯﹏╰也难做, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=184, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20201675648, createdName=幻异域云鹰, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 01:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50610, encodeId=fda650610a7, content=不要皮试,其实关键是药物的质量,在国际上,青霉素都不要皮试的,那是进口的,国产的必须要皮试。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 18:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-31 忠诚向上

    应该是

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=54668, encodeId=636a546682c, content=好东西,值得分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69b61619007, createdName=andruhn, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 19:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51525, encodeId=0e8b51525b9, content=悬乎, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=179, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459517, encodeId=e0ef145951ee5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82a24434020' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头孢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44340, encryptionId=82a24434020, topicName=头孢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=acae6165124, createdName=jj000003, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1550965, encodeId=6441155096591, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82c8e214637' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮试#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72146, encryptionId=82c8e214637, topicName=皮试)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=15c114147762, createdName=gj0736, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50784, encodeId=9fa950e84cb, content=应该是, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 12:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50668, encodeId=936b506684c, content=唉╯﹏╰也难做, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=184, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20201675648, createdName=幻异域云鹰, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 01:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50610, encodeId=fda650610a7, content=不要皮试,其实关键是药物的质量,在国际上,青霉素都不要皮试的,那是进口的,国产的必须要皮试。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 18:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-31 幻异域云鹰

    唉╯﹏╰也难做

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=54668, encodeId=636a546682c, content=好东西,值得分享,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=69b61619007, createdName=andruhn, createdTime=Fri Jan 08 19:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=51525, encodeId=0e8b51525b9, content=悬乎, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=179, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Sun Jan 03 21:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459517, encodeId=e0ef145951ee5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82a24434020' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头孢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44340, encryptionId=82a24434020, topicName=头孢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=acae6165124, createdName=jj000003, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1550965, encodeId=6441155096591, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82c8e214637' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮试#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72146, encryptionId=82c8e214637, topicName=皮试)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=15c114147762, createdName=gj0736, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 05:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50784, encodeId=9fa950e84cb, content=应该是, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 12:52:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50668, encodeId=936b506684c, content=唉╯﹏╰也难做, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=184, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=20201675648, createdName=幻异域云鹰, createdTime=Thu Dec 31 01:12:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50610, encodeId=fda650610a7, content=不要皮试,其实关键是药物的质量,在国际上,青霉素都不要皮试的,那是进口的,国产的必须要皮试。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=170, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 18:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-30 lovetcm

    不要皮试,其实关键是药物的质量,在国际上,青霉素都不要皮试的,那是进口的,国产的必须要皮试。

    0

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