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病例分享:ECMO支持下左主干分叉病变介入治疗1例

2018-07-28 郑金刚 董哲 中国医学论坛报今日循环

老年男性,78岁,体重55 kg。

病例简介

一般情况  

老年男性,78岁,体重55 kg。

主诉  

活动后胸骨后烧灼感1年,加重1个月。

既往史 

 2型糖尿病20年,高血压20年。

入院检查  

血红蛋白100 g/L;血肌酐117.2 μmol/L;估计肾小球滤过率37 ml/min。超声心动图:主动脉瓣硬化、二尖瓣反流(少量),射血分数63%。

入院诊断  

①冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、不稳定性心绞痛; ②2型糖尿病糖尿病肾病; ③高血压3级(很高危); ④慢性肾功能不全;⑤贫血(轻度)。

冠脉造影  

左主干(LM):体部可见外膜钙化;

左前降支(LAD):开口-近段重度狭窄,伴有严重钙化;

回旋支(LCX):开口重度狭窄,伴有严重钙化;

钝缘支(OM):开口、近段重度狭窄;

右冠状动脉(RCA):近段、中段弥漫长病变,重度狭窄。



治疗过程

治疗策略

(1)对该患者进行冠脉病变评估,SYNTAX 评分38分;



(2)外科搭桥 or内科介入治疗? 建议首选外科搭桥,但患者及家属拒绝;

(3)内科介入治疗策略:术中体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)循环支持下,旋磨处理钙化病变, LM、LAD、LCX分叉病变采用DK-CRUSH术式。



根据术前超声评估血管情况选择入路

ECMO 入路:右侧股动脉置入17F导管,右侧股静脉置入21F导管,ECMO起始转速为2700转/分,泵流量为2.5 L/min。

介入治疗入路:右侧桡动脉置入7F鞘管;使用7F EBU 3.0。 

PCI过程

首先对LM-LAD严重钙化病变进行旋磨治疗

(1)导丝、微导管通过:将Runthrough NS导丝送至LAD血管远端,Finecross微导管难以通过病变段。使用球囊Tazuna(1.25×15 mm)预扩张后,微导管艰难通过病变段,送至LAD远端,交换为旋磨导丝。

(2)旋磨:先使用直径1.25 mm旋磨头进行旋磨5次,但旋磨头始终无法通过LAD近段重度狭窄段,提示该处病变的钙化、狭窄严重。在旋磨10次时,最终通过LAD近段重度狭窄段。之后继续使用1.5 mm的旋磨头进行旋磨5次。



(3)血管内超声(IVUS)评估病变:使用IVUS评估LM-LAD病变发现,钙化环消减不完全。 



(4)更换更大直径旋磨头(1.75 mm)进行旋磨治疗5次。



随后对LM-LCX严重钙化病变进行旋磨治疗

(5)预扩张OM开口病变:考虑到OM开口重度狭窄,首先以Tazuna球囊(1.25×15 mm,14 atm),Sprinter球囊(2.0×15 mm,10 atm)对LCX开口-OM近段进行扩张。球囊于LCX开口处无法完全膨胀,IVUS亦无法通过LCX开口,提示LCX开口严重钙化。  



(6)使用直径1.25 mm的旋磨头对LCX开口、近段进行旋磨。  



(7)植入支架:LAD中段植入支架1 Xience Xpedition(2.5×38 mm);



使用DK-CRUSH术式处理LM分叉病变,于LCX开口、近段植入支架2 Endeavor Resolute(2.25×14 mm);



于LAD近段至LM体部植入支架3 Endeavor Resolute(3.5×30 mm);



DK-CRUSH过程中对吻2次。



(8)最终造影结果并复查IVUS,提示支架均贴壁良好。



术后评估

术中患者循环平稳,未诉特殊不适。术后观察患者2小时,生命体征平稳,即刻拔除股动脉、股静脉置管,减少ECMO相关血管并发症。冠心病重症监护室(CCU)病房观察2日后,患者情况稳定,转入普通病房,拟择期行RCA介入治疗。

小结

本例患者高龄(78岁)、低体重(55 kg),基础疾病复杂(高血压、糖尿病、贫血、肾功能不全),且冠脉病变弥漫,对介入治疗的技术要求高。尤其是治疗中需要分别对LAD、LCX的严重钙化病变进行旋磨,这意味着旋磨的同时,LCX和LAD会先后在一段时间内处于无导丝保护状态,存在术中发生急性闭塞并进而导致患者循环崩溃的风险。

针对这一类复杂、高危但有介入治疗指征(CHIP)的患者, 目前国内外指南推荐机械循环辅助支持下完成介入治疗。因此,本中心选择在ECMO支持下完成介入治疗,可以有效降低CHIP术中风险,提高手术成功率,改善患者预后。

专家简介:

郑金刚,主任医师,中日医院心脏科主任,心脏中心导管室负责人。中国协和医科大学、北京大学医学部博士生导师,主任医师,博士后,担任亚洲分叉俱乐部成员、中国医疗保健国际交流促进会心血管分会青年委员,北京医学会出血与凝血分会常委,北京医学会心血管病分会青年委员等。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718534, encodeId=b7081e1853436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=35534e966a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#左主干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47966, encryptionId=35534e966a0, topicName=左主干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e5fa32580320, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 02:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755636, encodeId=3d411e55636b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=85294906ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4906, encryptionId=85294906ef, topicName=CMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5e4136982125, createdName=zhangbaojun, createdTime=Fri Jan 04 07:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336298, encodeId=fe1033629815, content=左主干分叉病变的介入治疗,厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:38:01 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557366, encodeId=b933155e36656, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dd173153617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分叉病变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31536, encryptionId=dd173153617, topicName=分叉病变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e47e14911964, createdName=sjzlzc012, createdTime=Sun Jul 29 23:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334696, encodeId=ad6433469655, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 10:59:54 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-04 zhangbaojun
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718534, encodeId=b7081e1853436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=35534e966a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#左主干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47966, encryptionId=35534e966a0, topicName=左主干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e5fa32580320, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 02:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755636, encodeId=3d411e55636b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=85294906ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4906, encryptionId=85294906ef, topicName=CMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5e4136982125, createdName=zhangbaojun, createdTime=Fri Jan 04 07:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336298, encodeId=fe1033629815, content=左主干分叉病变的介入治疗,厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:38:01 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557366, encodeId=b933155e36656, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dd173153617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分叉病变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31536, encryptionId=dd173153617, topicName=分叉病变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e47e14911964, createdName=sjzlzc012, createdTime=Sun Jul 29 23:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334696, encodeId=ad6433469655, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 10:59:54 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-04 liumin1987

    左主干分叉病变的介入治疗,厉害!

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718534, encodeId=b7081e1853436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=35534e966a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#左主干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47966, encryptionId=35534e966a0, topicName=左主干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e5fa32580320, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 02:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755636, encodeId=3d411e55636b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=85294906ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CMO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4906, encryptionId=85294906ef, topicName=CMO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5e4136982125, createdName=zhangbaojun, createdTime=Fri Jan 04 07:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336298, encodeId=fe1033629815, content=左主干分叉病变的介入治疗,厉害!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Sat Aug 04 10:38:01 CST 2018, time=2018-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557366, encodeId=b933155e36656, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dd173153617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分叉病变#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31536, encryptionId=dd173153617, topicName=分叉病变)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e47e14911964, createdName=sjzlzc012, createdTime=Sun Jul 29 23:10:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334696, encodeId=ad6433469655, content=好文章学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b5a62240667, createdName=张新亮1853311252142e2fm, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 10:59:54 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-28 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文章学习了

    0

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儿童心肌炎,虽大多数临床症状轻微预后良好,但也有少数病例起病急、病情重、死亡率高达50%以上。体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)是治疗难治性心/肺功能衰竭的有效手段。那么在治疗重症儿童心肌炎方面有哪些优势?

广东中山市人民医院使用ECMO救治心梗心脏骤停经验:联合PCI救治成功率近50%

急性心肌梗死后出现心脏骤停,往往需要先进行心肺复苏后,再行冠脉介入治疗。而急救药物及主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)等传统的机械循环辅助手段,往往无法维持患者稳定的循环功能,血流动力学不稳定状态可持续恶化,使患者错过行急诊冠脉介入治疗的最佳时机,预后不佳。

龙村副主委:ECMO在意外低温救治中的应用

据不完全统计,2012年英国有166人因意外低温死亡,2009年至2012年波兰有1836人由于长时间暴露在低温环境中死亡,这其中有489例(26.6%)是在医院内死亡的。早前的意外低温病例,主要是在偏远地区如雪崩,溺水等。近年来越来越多的病例出现在城市中,主要发生在酒精中毒,药物过量,精神疾病患者中。

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