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张锋Nature发布CRISPR新成果,开辟镰状细胞病治疗新途径

2015-09-17 佚名 生物谷

来自Dana-Farber/波士顿儿童医院癌症及血液疾病中心的研究人员发现,改变一小段DNA可以避开镰状细胞病(SCD)背后的遗传缺陷。这一发布在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的新发现,为开发出一些基因编辑方法来治疗SCD和诸如地中海贫血等其他的血红蛋白疾病开辟了一条途径。 Dana-Farber/波士顿儿童医院的Stuart Orkin博士、Daniel Bauer博士,及哈佛-麻省理工B

来自Dana-Farber/波士顿儿童医院癌症及血液疾病中心的研究人员发现,改变一小段DNA可以避开镰状细胞病(SCD)背后的遗传缺陷。这一发布在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的新发现,为开发出一些基因编辑方法来治疗SCD和诸如地中海贫血等其他的血红蛋白疾病开辟了一条途径。

Dana-Farber/波士顿儿童医院的Stuart Orkin博士、Daniel Bauer博士,及哈佛-麻省理工Broad研究所的张锋(Feng Zhang)博士共同领导了这项研究。

这一称作为增强子的DNA片段控制了分子开关BCL11A。这一开关反过来决定了红细胞是生成成人形式的血红蛋白(hemoglobin,在SCD中血红蛋白发生了突变),还是未受影响的、可以对抗镰状细胞突变效应的胎儿形式血红蛋白。其他的一些研究表明,胎儿血红蛋白升高的镰状细胞病患者病情较轻。

发现这一增强子DNA序列中一些自然发生的有益变异在红细胞中下调了BCL11A,驱动了这项Nature新研究。

为了模拟及改变这些变异所造成的影响,研究小组利用了近期开发出的基于CRISPR的基因编辑工具,在来自人类供体的造血干细胞中沿着整个这一增强子一步步删除微小的DNA片段。他们随后让细胞成熟为红细胞,发现细胞生成胎儿红血蛋白的数量显着增高。实验揭示出了切割时可导致生成高水平胎儿血红蛋白的增强子特异位点。在动物模型中开展的一些平行实验揭示出,只有在红细胞中除去增强子的这部分才会影响BCL11A表达,而在BCL11A也活化的免疫细胞或脑细胞中则无此效应。研究结果表明,这些效应局限于红细胞,其他细胞类型不受影响。

Bauer说:“直到现在都没有有效的方法来完成这类的实验。我们的目标是破坏这一增强子而非修复血红蛋白突变,能够获得CRISPR一类的基因编辑技术,才使得以非常精确地方式来做到这一点成为可能。”

自从2009年在Nature杂志上揭示出BCL11A开关直接对胎儿血红蛋白转变为成人血红蛋白起作用以来,Orkin实验室一直对探索它的潜在临床应用感兴趣。2013年又迈进了重要的一步,他们在《科学》(science)杂志上发表研究报告称,发现了在红细胞中引导BCL11A表达的增强子。

Orkin说:“现在我们将目标放在了改造一种致病基因的调控因子上。这是一种非常不同的疾病治疗方法。”

这些数据提供了概念证明:在造血干细胞中靶向编辑BCL11A的增强子,是治疗SCD和相关疾病的一种有吸引力的方法。

Orkin说:“这些实验揭示出了镰状细胞病的遗传弱点。改变增强子的这些特异部分获得了与敲除整个增强子一样的效应,表明这有可能是一种可以转化至临床的有前景的策略。”

“尽管修复镰状细胞突变看起来是最直接的方法,结果表明相比于遗传破坏,这种治疗的最终目标造血干细胞更加抵抗遗传修复。因此,仅在造血干细胞中进行单一的DNA切割破坏这一增强子有可能是一种更可行的策略。”

推荐文献:

Matthew C. Canver,Elenoe C,et al.BCL11A enhancer dissection by Cas9-mediated in situ saturating mutagenesis.nature.2015

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    2015-10-28 wgx306
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    2016-02-11 liye789132251
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    2015-10-02 zhouxue1990

    改变一小段DNA可以避开镰状细胞病(SCD)背后的遗传缺陷,厉害

    0

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    2015-09-19 yuandd
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    2015-09-17 medcardio

    新锐牛人

    0

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