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Spine:脊柱后路融合内固定术后双管硬膜外镇痛效果良好

2013-09-26 佚名 丁香园

后路脊柱矫形融合内固定治疗是脊柱侧凸的主要治疗手段。由于该手术创伤大,而患者大多为青少年,对术后疼痛的耐受性较成年人差。剧烈术后疼痛往往会造成患者情绪低落,睡眠不良,并且疼痛引起的应激反应会影响患者的免疫系统从而造成患者伤口愈合不良,影响手术效果。如果不及时处理还会造成患者精神及身体紧张,从而导致血压升高引起术后出血,甚至产生疼痛性休克,危及生命。 因此,医护人员必须

后路脊柱矫形融合内固定治疗是脊柱侧凸的主要治疗手段。由于该手术创伤大,而患者大多为青少年,对术后疼痛的耐受性较成年人差。剧烈术后疼痛往往会造成患者情绪低落,睡眠不良,并且疼痛引起的应激反应会影响患者的免疫系统从而造成患者伤口愈合不良,影响手术效果。如果不及时处理还会造成患者精神及身体紧张,从而导致血压升高引起术后出血,甚至产生疼痛性休克,危及生命。

因此,医护人员必须在术后对患者进行有效的镇痛处理。良好的术后镇痛,不仅能减轻病人精神以及生理上的负担,使患者提早活动,促进机体恢复;并能让患者得到良好的睡眠及休息而有利于减轻或抑制疼痛刺激所引起的应激反应,有利于减少术后并发症;还能减少家属照顾上的紧张压力,使病人能拥有较佳的手术感受。

目前特发性脊柱侧凸患者行后路脊柱融合治疗的最常用术后镇痛方法是患者自控静脉镇痛,但连续硬膜外镇痛对这类患者也是安全和有效的。对于行后路脊柱融合的患者,采用患者自控静脉镇痛与连续硬膜外镇痛哪种方法的镇痛效果更好,目前仍缺乏直接的研究证据。

此外,一些研究证据间接提示,采用双管的连续硬膜外镇痛方法其镇痛效果可能要优于采用单管的连续硬膜外镇痛方法,但未有研究直接比较两种方法的镇痛效果。为了进一步明确特发性脊柱侧凸患者行后路脊柱融合内固定术后的最佳镇痛方法,美国学者Joshua W. B. Klatt等进行了一项前瞻性随机对照研究,以比较特发性脊柱侧凸患者行后路脊柱融合内固定术后不同镇痛方法的疗效。该研究结果已在近期的Spine杂志上发表。【原文下载】

在该研究中,作者选取了美国犹他大学医学院骨科中心收治的66例青少年特发型脊柱侧凸患者作为研究对象,并在行后路脊柱融合内固定手术之前将其随机分为三组:患者自控静脉镇痛组、单管连续硬膜外镇痛组、双管连续硬膜外镇痛组,每组各22例患者。66例患者中,女性患者60例,男性患者6例。

患者的年龄均在10至21岁之间,体重在30Kg至90Kg之间。最后有6例患者因不能坚持疼痛管理方案而退出,其中患者自控静脉镇痛组与单管连续硬膜外镇痛组各1例,双管连续硬膜外镇痛组4例。记录患者术前人口统计学资料、冠状平面Cobb角、麻醉剂的使用情况、融合节段数、术后的VAS评分等。

分别比较各组患者的术后疼痛评分、副作用、并发症、药物的使用情况、以及患者的恢复时间,包括入院时间、术后第一次排便时间、术后第一次步行和爬楼梯的时间等。

研究结果显示,双管连续硬膜外镇痛的镇痛效果最好,显著优于患者自控静脉镇痛与单管连续硬膜外镇痛。单管连续硬膜外镇痛与患者自控静脉镇痛效果相当。单管连续硬膜外镇痛的副反应是三组中最少的,平均每例患者发生副反应次数为2.55次,但三组患者之间的副反应发生率并无显著性差异。

发生次数最多的几种副反应为瘙痒、便秘、恶心。共有11例患者出现了并发症,其中10为脑脊液漏,1例为昏厥。10脑脊液漏患者中有2例为退出研究患者,其余8例中有6例为单管连续硬膜外镇痛患者,双管连续硬膜外镇痛2例。所有患者术后均未发生迟发性神经系统事件。

该研究结果表明,特发型脊柱侧凸患者后路脊柱融合术后采用双管连续硬膜外镇痛方法效果最好,但采用单管连续硬膜外镇痛的副反应发生次数最少。基于该研究发现,推荐采用双管连续硬膜外镇痛方法用于特发型脊柱侧凸患者后路脊柱融合术后的镇痛。

原文下载

Klatt JW, Mickelson J, Hung M, Durcan S, Miller C, Smith JT.A Randomized Prospective Evaluation of Three Techniques of Post-Operative Pain Management Following Posterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion.Spine 2013 September 1.

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    2013-12-31 mgqwxj
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    2013-09-28 zhaojie88
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    2013-09-28 licz0427
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