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Stem Cell Rep:培养皿中培育出脑组织

2017-04-14 sunshine2015 来宝网

人体中最复杂的器官是大脑。由于其复杂性,当然,也出于道德原因,对其进行科学实验例如可以帮助我们了解帕金森病等神经变性疾病的实验是非常困难的。

人体中最复杂的器官是大脑。由于其复杂性,当然,也出于道德原因,对其进行科学实验例如可以帮助我们了解帕金森病等神经变性疾病的实验是非常困难的。

卢森堡大学卢森堡体系生物医学中心(LCSB)的科学家现在已经成功地将源自皮肤样本的人类干细胞转化为与人类中脑细胞表现非常相似的微小三维脑样培养物。在研究人员的培养皿中,不同的细胞类型发育、连接到一个网络中,交换信号并产生典型的活性大脑代谢产物。“我们的细胞培养为大脑研究开辟了新的大门”,Jens Schwamborn博士说道,他的LCSB研究组——发展与细胞生物学的研究工作已经完成。 “我们现在可以用它来研究帕金森病的病因,以及如何有效地治疗帕金森病。”该小组今天将其结果发表在了著名科学杂志“干细胞报告”上。



人类中脑是帕金森研究人员特别感兴趣的:它是医学上被称为黑质的组织结构的容纳结构。在这里,神经细胞 —— 特别是多巴胺能神经元,产生信使多巴胺。人类需要多巴胺以保持身体平稳运动。如果多巴胺能神经元死亡,那么受到影响的人会发展出震颤和肌肉僵硬,这些是帕金森氏症的独特症状。由于伦理原因,研究人员不能从黑质细胞中提取它们进行研究。因此,世界各地的研究小组正在研究培养培养皿中的中脑三维结构。由干细胞研究员Jens Schwamborn领导的LCSB小组便是一个这样的组织。

LCSB科学家研究所谓的诱导性多能干细胞(干细胞),该干细胞不能产生完整的生物,但可以转化为人体的所有细胞类型。将干细胞转化为脑细胞所需的程序是由Anna Monzel开发的,是她博士论文的一部分,她正在Schwamborn的研究小组进行研究。 “我必须为干细胞开发一种特殊的,精确定义的生长因子混合物和一定的治疗方法,以便它们在所需的方向上进行区分,”Monzel描述了她的方法。为了做到这一点,她能够借鉴Schwamborn的团队前几年所做的广泛的准备工作。培养皿中的多能干细胞繁殖并扩展成三维支持结构,产生组织样细胞培养物。

“我们随后对这些人造组织样本的检查显示,中脑特征的各种细胞类型已经发展,”Jens Schwamborn说。“这些细胞可以传输和处理信号,我们甚至能够检测到多巴胺能细胞,就像中脑一样。”这一事实使得LCSB科学家的工作比全球帕金森氏症研究人员的工作更突出,正如Schwamborn强调:“在我们的新细胞培养中,我们可以比以前更好地研究导致帕金森病的机制,我们可以测试什么效应环境影响如污染物对发病有影响,是否有新的活性剂可能缓解帕金森病的症状,或者可以从病因中解决这个问题,接下来我们将进行这样的调查。“

脑组织培养的发展不仅为新的研究方法打开了大门。它也可以帮助减少大脑研究中动物测试的数量。培养皿中的细胞培养物是人类来源的,并且在某些方面比实验动物(例如大鼠或小鼠)的大脑更类似于人的大脑。因此,人类大脑的结构及其功能模式可以以不同于动物的方式进行建模。 “我们的方法也有吸引人的经济机会,”Jens Schwamborn解释说:“组织培养的生产是非常精细的,在我们分拆Braingineering Technologies Sarl的范围内,我们将收费为其他实验室或制药行业开发可以提供培养的技术用于研究。

原始出处:

Anna S. Monzel1, Lisa M. Smits, et al.  Derivation of Human Midbrain-Specific Organoids from Neuroepithelial Stem Cells.  Stem Cell Reports.Published: April 13, 2017

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    2017-09-15 维他命
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    2017-04-16 yahu
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    2017-04-14 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

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