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Diabetologia :研究确定新的2型糖尿病“风险因素大全”:失眠入选!

2020-09-22 中国生物技术网 生物探索

近日,发表在《Diabetologia(糖尿病学)》上的一项研究中,来自瑞典卡罗林斯卡研究所的科学家确定了新的2型糖尿病“风险因素大全”,并将失眠列为一个新风险因素。

近日,发表在《Diabetologia(糖尿病学)》上的一项研究中,来自瑞典卡罗林斯卡研究所的科学家确定了新的2型糖尿病“风险因素大全”,并将失眠列为一个新风险因素。该研究总共确定了19个糖尿病风险因素,并排除了21个缺乏科学证据的潜在风险因素。

根据国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)的最新数据,2019年全球约有4.63亿成年人患有糖尿病,2018年这一数字为3.71亿。2018年时预测:到2030年,全球糖尿病患者将超过5.5亿。

目前看来,这一“任务”将很快实现。中国糖尿病发病率为亚洲最高的国家之一,绝对数为全球最大,糖尿病已经成为我国重大的公共卫生问题。因此,预防糖尿病已经成为重中之重的问题。

多年来,研究人员发现某些潜在风险因素会增加患2型糖尿病的风险,如饮酒、不吃早餐、午睡、焦虑、某些氨基酸、炎症因素和睡眠不足等。

在这项新研究中,卡罗林斯卡研究所环境医学研究所血管与营养流行病学助理教授Susanna Larsson和Shuai Yuan使用了来自糖尿病遗传学复制和荟萃分析联盟(DIAGRAM)的汇总数据,该数据涉及74124例2型糖尿病患者和对照组的824006名欧洲参与者。参与者的平均年龄在55岁左右,其中男性占51.8%。

他们筛选了238项研究,然后将40篇独立研究纳入分析,结果显示总共具有97个风险因素。

他们使用了孟德尔随机化法最终确定了34个因素(包括19种风险因素和15种保护因素)与2型糖尿病之间存在因果关系的证据。失眠症被认定为是一种新的风险因素,有失眠症的人比没有失眠症的人患2型糖尿病的几率高17%。此外,还进一步评估了21个缺乏证据的风险因素。

19个风险因素如下:
失眠
抑郁症
高血压
吸烟
终生吸烟
咖啡因
血浆中的三种氨基酸水平:缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸
肝丙氨酸氨基转移酶
儿童和成人肥胖
体脂
内脏脂肪
静息心率
血浆中四种脂肪酸的水平
15个与2型糖尿病风险降低相关的因素如下:
血浆氨基酸:丙氨酸
高密度脂蛋白(HDL,即好胆固醇
总胆固醇
女性月经初潮年龄
睾丸素水平
性激素结合球蛋白水平
出生体重
成年身高
女性的瘦体重
四种血浆脂肪酸
维生素D
教育水平

研究人员表示,由于白天午睡与失眠密切相关,似乎也是患2型糖尿病的一个风险因素,但目前尚不清楚它是否是2型糖尿病的独立风险因素。

Larsson说:“重要的是要强调肥胖仍然是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。我们观察到的与失眠有关的部分原因是肥胖(较高的BMI),但并非完全由肥胖引起。抑郁症和2型糖尿病之间的联系,部分可能是由失眠引起的。”

作者写道:“研究结果将为2型糖尿病的一级预防提供公共卫生政策依据。预防策略应该从多个角度来制定,如降低肥胖和吸烟率,改善心理健康、睡眠质量、教育水平和出生体重。”

虽然该研究结果提供了重要的信息,可能有助于制定公共卫生政策,但其主要局限性是研究人群的同质性。

根据IDF的调查,79%的成年人糖尿病患者生活在低收入和中等收入国家。

原始出处:

Shuai Yuan, Susanna C Larsson.An atlas on risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a wide-angled Mendelian randomisation study.Diabetologia. 2020 Sep 8. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05253-x.

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    2021-05-29 walking

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    2020-10-06 opzoro

    失眠也会造成卒中 保证睡眠

    0

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    2020-09-22 lovetcm

    一篇文章讲清楚了#糖尿病##风险因素#,值得深入学习!

    0

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    2020-09-22 Jessica

    失眠会增加糖尿病和老年痴呆症的风险,糖尿病也会增加老年痴呆症的风险,因此睡眠很重要!

    0

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    2020-09-22 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2020-09-22 飞翔的乌龟

    学习了

    0

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