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Nat Med:“饿死”癌细胞为何总失败?Science子刊已破解谜题

2018-01-30 佚名 生物探索

新年伊始,“饿死癌细胞”领域成果频出!不久前,一篇Nature Medicine论文首次证实,一种新型化合物能够切断肿瘤氨基酸代谢通路,从而抑制肿瘤生长。而本月发表在Science子刊上的一项研究则首次揭示了为什么癌细胞不容易被“饿死”,并提出了一种新型疗法。

先前已有研究证实,快速分裂的癌细胞比健康细胞需要更高水平的糖。这种对糖依赖性的不同将癌细胞与健康细胞区分开来,也被用作杀死癌细胞的一种治疗手段。研究人员认为,减少癌细胞所能获得的糖含量或许就能够抑制其生长,也就是所谓的“饿死”癌细胞。

不过,相关研究结果却不尽如人意。一方面,并非所有的癌症细胞类型都对“糖减少”敏感;另一方面,即便是那些敏感的癌细胞,“糖减少”也是只能减缓癌症进展的速度。那么,究竟如何才能“饿死”癌细胞呢?

1月9日,发表在Science Signaling上的一项研究中,来自新加坡等国的研究者们首次揭示了“糖耗竭(depletion of sugar)导致癌细胞死亡”背后的一种新型细胞死亡途径。

糖的“新角色”

长期以来,人们一直认为糖是癌细胞的主要能量来源之一。然而,在这一新研究中,论文的通讯作者Koji Itahana领导的团队发现,在一些癌细胞中,无法提供足够能量的、很少量的糖就能保证癌细胞的存活(部分解释了为什么减少癌细胞的糖摄入无法“饿死”它们)。这意味着,除了提供能量,糖还会以一种先前未被发现的途径支持癌细胞的生存。

随后,科学家们发现,糖在癌细胞中具有一种新的信号功能。借此,糖的缺失会触发癌细胞细胞膜上的电压差异,导致钙离子流入细胞,继而导致细胞死亡。

新抗癌疗法

研究小组推测,糖在癌细胞中的这一特性有望带来新的抗癌疗法。通过联合“抑制糖摄入(inhibition of sugar intake)”和“增加癌细胞中的钙水平”,他们成功杀死了癌细胞,并让健康细胞未受损伤。

目前,基于这些结果,科学家们申请了国际专利,他们希望,未来,能够将成果转化为一种新的癌症治疗方法,造福患者。

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    2018-09-10 liye789132251
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    2018-02-01 yxch36
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    2018-02-01 jichang
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    2018-01-31 海之蓝

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