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专访|梁景平:牙髓坏死也能“把根留住”,根管治疗拯救坏牙

2017-07-07 肖蓓 澎湃新闻

牙疼不是病,疼起来真要命。对于牙髓坏死和根尖周组织感染的严重龋病患者来说,钻心一般的疼痛,让很多人招架不住,只得将牙齿连根拔起,安装义齿。而随着根管治疗术的不断发展,尤其是显微根管治疗成功率明显提高,牙髓坏死的牙齿,通过治疗可以把根留住,从而恢复牙齿的形态和功能。上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院牙体牙髓科主任梁景平教授,从事根管治疗近四十余年,在镍钛根管预备及弯曲根管治疗和显微根管治疗方面积累了

牙疼不是病,疼起来真要命。对于牙髓坏死和根尖周组织感染的严重龋病患者来说,钻心一般的疼痛,让很多人招架不住,只得将牙齿连根拔起,安装义齿。而随着根管治疗术的不断发展,尤其是显微根管治疗成功率明显提高,牙髓坏死的牙齿,通过治疗可以把根留住,从而恢复牙齿的形态和功能。

上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院牙体牙髓科主任梁景平教授,从事根管治疗近四十余年,在镍钛根管预备及弯曲根管治疗和显微根管治疗方面积累了丰富的经验。

牙神经坏死,牙齿疼痛难忍,保牙还是拔牙?一直是一个问题。在梁景平看来,“根管治疗是目前牙髓病与根尖周病最有效的治疗方式,任何种植牙、假牙都不如真牙好,能做根管治疗保留患牙的,就不要做假牙。把根留住,就是保留了牙齿的‘本体感受’。”

根管治疗保住牙齿

牙齿中间空洞的部分包含称为牙髓的软组织。空洞上部宽阔,称为牙髓腔,下部有管状的根管,里面含有丰富的神经和营养神经的血管。不同的牙齿拥有不同的根管数目,后部的牙齿根管最多。如果牙髓发生感染,会造成疼痛、根尖周炎,最终导致颌骨感染,甚至全身感染,从而威胁生命。

梁景平说,所谓根管治疗是在牙体表面切割获得进入髓腔的通道,并由此进入牙齿内部的根管空间,采用手术的方式清除感染病灶,并用惰性材料对根管进行严密的填充以消除死腔。显微牙髓治疗,可以在手术放大设备或显微镜的帮助下,对根管内部进行系统清创治疗,医师对于根管的解剖结构将更为清晰,使手术变得更简单。

并且,医师无需磨除过多的牙体组织,即可获得牙髓治疗的入路,从而保留更多的牙体组织,使牙齿的抗力进一步得到增强,同时根管壁破坏等手术并发症也能得到有效控制。目前,根管手术的治愈率为80-85%,显微根管手术则能提高3-5个百分点,甚至更高。

梁景平强调,“根管治疗对于手术操作者的要求很高,每一步都要非常准确,比如根管预备之前进行术前评估,根管填充时的时机的把握,而在后期修复中,涂抹粘接剂、照射等等,每一个环节做得不好,效果就不好。目前根管治疗的平均水平,差距仍然较大。”

对于牙髓感染的严重龋齿来说,有些人认为干脆拔牙以后装假牙或者种植牙。对此,梁景平认为,能做根管治疗的,就不要做假牙。种植牙齿,不能与骨组织很好地结合,后期护理不好,容易诱发种植牙周围炎。

正常牙齿有三个牙根,而种植牙只能种植一个牙根,所以承受的咀嚼压力也不同。而假牙分为活动的和固定的。活动假牙的拖板、钩子,长期使用如果不注意卫生,对邻牙造成影响,导致邻牙松动,或产生龋齿,而安装固定假牙时,则要把旁边的好牙磨损,对牙齿也是一种损害。

当然,很重要的一点,根管治疗的成功率与种植牙成功率相同,但使用舒适度、本体感觉更好,而价格则更加便宜。

对龋洞的修复,现在临床上主流是用高分子复合树脂材料进行美学修复,颜色和质感与真牙无异。相比传统的银汞修复,树脂的抗耐磨率与银汞一样,但更环保、更符合美学需求,而且造成继发龋的几率更小。

当牙齿大面积损坏,树脂无法修复的,可以在保留牙根,进行根管治疗基础上,采用牙齿修复材料制作嵌体、全冠等。目前通过计算机辅助设计,对牙齿修复材料进行3D切割,两个小时就能完成一个漂亮的牙冠。不需要像做假牙那样,要反复几次取模、成型。相比假牙,牙根的存在,就能保留住牙齿的本体感受,感受到自己的牙齿。

日常生活如何防治龋齿

科研方面,梁景平教授主要从事口腔微生物学、牙体牙髓病发病和预防机理的研究。那么,龋病发生的原因是什么呢?

梁景平说,龋病是与细菌感染相关的菌斑性疾病,这些疾病包括龋病、牙周病等。正常人口腔中有上千种细菌,当细菌数量、质量、生长环境发生改变就会致病。口腔细菌与全身性疾病密切相关,细菌感染会通过血液进入心血管,促进心血管动脉粥样硬化,牙周病还会促进糖尿病糖尿病也会加重牙周病。梁景平所在的口腔微生物实验室,运用基因检测手段,已经发现口腔细菌与血管病、老年痴呆、口腔肿瘤等全身性疾病的关系。

梁景平的病人,大部分都是一些疑难杂症。梁景平指出,对于龋齿的治疗,应关注如何早期发现、及时控制,阻断进一步的发展。拖得越久,治疗的代价越大。他强调个性化的治疗,每个人的咀嚼、饮食、口腔卫生习惯都不同,要根据患者的口腔卫生状况,寻找龋病的发生原因,并根据病因对病人进行指导和随访,这样成功率才能提高。

因为饮食习惯的原因,现在孩子的龋齿发病率很高,那么,日常生活中应如何预防龋齿?

梁景平说,首先,要养成良好的口腔卫生习惯。定期到口腔科进行口腔检查和牙齿的清洁。养成饭后漱口的习惯,平时使用牙线、刷牙来清理牙齿缝中残留的食物。其次,饮食上需要注意,减少含糖制品,避免可乐、雪碧、果汁等糖分较高的软饮料,这些软饮料进食后,很容易在牙齿上形成菌斑,对牙齿损害很大。咖啡加糖,也要注意适量。

总之,注意口腔卫生的保健,定期口腔卫生检查,是预防口腔龋病、牙周病发生发展的必要条件,这样才能使我们的牙齿“长治久安”,才能提高我们的健康水平。

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    2018-06-19 jxrzshh
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    2017-07-09 millore
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669586, encodeId=a7da166958651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7ca6e660ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙髓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67660, encryptionId=c7ca6e660ab, topicName=牙髓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eeb26562774, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 08:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703259, encodeId=5ef81e0325974, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dba720e31b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专访#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20731, encryptionId=dba720e31b7, topicName=专访)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=070a30497323, createdName=flyingeagle87, createdTime=Sat Oct 28 02:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362837, encodeId=c3c1136283ec0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b723414321c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坏死#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41432, encryptionId=b723414321c, topicName=坏死)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 00:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522840, encodeId=86c2152284081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 00:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219513, encodeId=ccb92195139c, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 13:00:17 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219507, encodeId=ed3721950e57, content=非常好,全面,实用!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 12:40:15 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669586, encodeId=a7da166958651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c7ca6e660ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#牙髓#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67660, encryptionId=c7ca6e660ab, topicName=牙髓)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eeb26562774, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Tue Jun 19 08:55:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1703259, encodeId=5ef81e0325974, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dba720e31b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专访#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20731, encryptionId=dba720e31b7, topicName=专访)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=070a30497323, createdName=flyingeagle87, createdTime=Sat Oct 28 02:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362837, encodeId=c3c1136283ec0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b723414321c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坏死#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41432, encryptionId=b723414321c, topicName=坏死)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 00:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522840, encodeId=86c2152284081, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 00:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219513, encodeId=ccb92195139c, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 13:00:17 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219507, encodeId=ed3721950e57, content=非常好,全面,实用!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 12:40:15 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-07 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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    2017-07-07 lyh994

    非常好,全面,实用!

    0

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