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PLAST RECONSTR SURG:CRISPR基因组编辑有望用于整形外科中

2018-11-30 佚名 细胞

CRISPR基因组编辑技术有望成为基因工程和治疗的“变革性飞跃”,它几乎影响到医学的每个领域。根据2018年11月发表在美国整形外科学会(American Society of Plastic Surgeon)官方期刊Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery上的一篇标题为“CRISPR Craft: DNA Editing the Reconstructive Ladd

CRISPR基因组编辑技术有望成为基因工程和治疗的“变革性飞跃”,它几乎影响到医学的每个领域。根据2018年11月发表在美国整形外科学会(American Society of Plastic Surgeon)官方期刊Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery上的一篇标题为“CRISPR Craft: DNA Editing the Reconstructive Ladder”的论文,所涉及的医学领域包括整形手术,这种基因组编辑技术有望在从预防颅面畸形到治疗性皮肤移植再到新型无排斥移植等方面取得潜在的进展。

美国整形外科学会会员、麻省总医院外科医生Eric Chien-Wei Liao博士说,“CRISPR对治疗人类疾病的潜在影响包括对整形外科医生比较重要的几个领域,比如肿瘤学、伤口愈合、免疫学和颅面畸形。”在这篇关于再生医学的特稿论文中,Liao博士等人回顾了CRISPR基因组编辑的历史和机制,强调了它在整形手术(plastic surgery)和重建手术(reconstructive surgery)中的潜在用途和影响。

CRISPR对先天性畸形、伤口愈合和移植等有影响

人们最初发现CRISPR是细菌中的适应性免疫机制。在开发出CRISPR技术之前,开展基因编辑是费时费力的,仅限于具有先进分子生物学工具的实验室。

Liao博士等人写道,“鉴于CRISPR基因编辑具有简单性、特异性、高效性、低成本和多功能性等优点,它正在引发治疗潜力变革。CRISPR的潜在应用很多,肯定将会给整形手术和重建手术带来影响。”

Liao博士等人讨论了CRSIPR对整形手术具有可预见影响的一些关键领域,包括:

(1)颅面畸形(Craniofacial Malformations)。使用CRISPR技术的基础科学研究已引发了对颅面发育途径的新见解。CRISPR能够让人快速地鉴定出单个基因突变,并且可能有朝一日能够校正突变和阻止唇裂、腭裂和其他先天性畸形产生。

(2)伤口愈合和组织修复。基因疗法是一种增强伤口和组织愈合的有前景的方法。除了加快皮肤伤口愈合外,CRISPR还可能为骨骼、软骨、神经和肌肉的修复和再生提供新方法。

(3)细胞疗法和组织工程。遗传技术可能能够产生患者自身(自体)细胞或者对它们进行修饰,从而能够用于移植或替换受损组织、刺激细胞发育或调节免疫功能。Liao博士等人写道,“产生具有治疗潜力的皮肤移植物的[技术]将在重建手术中产生广泛的影响。”

(4)皮瓣生物学和移植。除了对组织瓣进行修饰外,CRISPR基因编辑可能能够重编程血管化复合同种异体移植物(vascularized composite allotransplant)---比如,面部或手部移植物---来促进耐受性和阻止受者免疫系统引发的免疫排斥。类似的免疫调节方法也可能促进对动物供者组织产生耐受性(异种移植)。

Liao博士等人强调在利用CRISPR基因编辑实现这些临床进展和其他临床进展方面仍存在许多挑战,包括潜在的“脱靶”效应,美国食品药物管理局(FDA)监管和高成本,以及与对人类细胞和组织进行基因编辑相关的伦理问题。他们写道,“美国整形外科学会及其成员也应该成为利益相关者,并在未来参与讨论利用CRISPR改善我们的患者的伦理问题。”

原始出处:

Danny S. Roh; Edward B.-H. Li; Eric C. Liao. CRISPR Craft: DNA Editing the Reconstructive Ladder. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, November 2018, 142(5):1355–1364, doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004863.

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    2018-12-23 drj2003
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在过去的6年中,基因编辑技术CRISPR从一个不起眼的细菌免疫机制转变为生物学的明星工具,使研究人员能比以往更加精确且轻松地改变DNA。

Methods Mol Biol:利用CRISPR / Cas9构建视网膜变性模型

加拿大哥伦比亚大学眼科学与视觉科学系的Feehan JM等人近日在Methods Mol Biol杂志上发表了一篇文章,他们利用CRISPR / Cas9基因编辑技术构建了视网膜变性的动物模型。

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