Eur Respir J：女性人群中睡眠呼吸暂停的相关研究

一般认为，阻塞型睡民呼吸暂停男性多发，表现为打鼾、日间嗜睡和心血管疾病。对于女性的睡眠呼吸暂停的了解相对较少。Karl A. Franklin课题组近期在欧洲呼吸杂志3月期上发表了相关研究，该研究目的是明确一般女性人群中睡眠呼吸暂停的发生频率及相关因素。
该项研究从10000名年龄在20-70岁之间的女性当中，随机抽取400名参加实验。实验形式为问卷调查和实施整晚多道睡眠监测。结果显示20-70岁之间的受试者有50%出现OSA（呼吸暂停与呼吸功能不全比值AHI≥5） (95% CI 45-55%)。女性高血压患者OSA发病率为80%(95% CI 70-90%)；肥胖女性发病率为84%(95% CI 72-95%)。严重睡眠暂停（AHI≥30）在55-70岁之间发病率为14% (95% CI 8.1-21%)，而在BMI≥30kg.m-2的55-70岁的女性中发病占31% (95% CI 12-50%)。实验表明呼吸暂停与年龄、肥胖和高血压有关，而与吸烟、酒精依赖和日间嗜睡等因素无关。
因此，在研究女性睡眠呼吸暂停时，必须考虑肥胖和高血压因素。
与呼吸暂停相关的拓展阅读：

• Sleep：睡眠呼吸暂停症与儿童多动症之相关性研究
• Chest:限盐饮食或可缓解睡眠呼吸暂停
• 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者脑损伤有性别差异
• HEART RHYTHM:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停升高房颤消融后复发率
• 从心脑血管病角度看睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征
• Pediatrics：AAP发新版阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停治疗指南
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Sleep apnoea is a common occurrence in females.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is primarily regarded as a male disorder, presenting with snoring, daytime sleepiness and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the frequency of sleep apnoea among females in the general population. We investigated 400 females from a population-based random sample of 10,000 females aged 20-70 yrs. They answered a questionnaire and performed overnight polysomnography. OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥5) was found in 50% (95% CI 45-55%) of females aged 20-70 yrs. Sleep apnoea was related to age, obesity and hypertension, but not to daytime sleepiness. Severe sleep apnoea (AHI ≥30) was present in 14% (95% CI 8.1-21%) of females aged 55-70 yrs and in 31% (95% CI 12-50%) of obese females with a body mass index of ≥30 kg·m(-2) aged 55-70 yrs. Sleep apnoea with daytime sleepiness and sleep apnoea with hypertension were observed as two different phenotypes of OSA. OSA occurs in 50% of females aged 20-70 yrs. 20% of females have moderate and 6% severe sleep apnoea. Sleep apnoea in females is related to age, obesity and hypertension, but not to daytime sleepiness. When searching for sleep apnoea in females, females with hypertension or obesity should be investigated.