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PNAS:延长健康寿命的“长寿维生素”

2018-10-22 佚名 中国生物技术网

一篇新发表的营养学综述认为,大多数人的饮食中缺乏一种重要的维生素和矿物质,而这类营养物质在促进长寿和预防如心脏病、癌症和神经退化等慢性疾病面发挥着以前未被认识到的作用。

一篇新发表的营养学综述认为,大多数人的饮食中缺乏一种重要的维生素和矿物质,而这类营养物质在促进长寿和预防如心脏病、癌症和神经退化等慢性疾病面发挥着以前未被认识到的作用。

这篇近日发表在《美国国家科学院院刊(PNAS)》的综述,是由美国加州大学旧金山分校儿童医院奥克兰研究所(CHORI)的Bruce Ames博士经过十多年研究得出的结论。

这些研究结果与其他科学家发表的详细调查一起发表。Ames得出结论,通过摄入最佳水平的30种已知维生素和必需矿物质,可以延长健康老化。他还建议,这些已知维生素和必需矿物质连同目前未被归类为维生素的另外11种物质,应该被认定为是必不可少的“长寿维生素”,因为它们具有延长健康寿命的潜力。

维生素和营养矿物质是人体代谢健康所需的各种酶的关键组成部分,但根据新综述中引用的研究,多达70%的美国人缺乏一种或多种这些关键营养素。大多数人并没有因为缺乏维生素而面临佝偻病或坏血病等疾病的威胁,但加州大学伯克利分校生物化学和分子生物学系名誉教授、CHORI资深科学家Ames指出,即使是轻微的维生素缺乏也会影响长期健康。

负责CHORI营养与代谢中心的Ames认为,营养科学长期以来忽视了一个事实,即人体细胞中有数十种不同的酶需要大多数维生素和矿物质。这意味着,维持日常健康所需的营养物质,如维生素D、ω-3脂肪酸和镁,也是维持身体长期健康所需酶的重要组成部分。它们作用于DNA修复、血管健康和抗氧化等。

因此,Ames写道,当人体缺少关键营养物质时,必须“定量”摄入它们,以维持对生存和再生能力至关重要的酶的功能。Ames以发明“Ames测试”而闻名,Ames测试是他在20世纪70年代发明的一种方法,用来快速预测特定化学物质能否引发癌症。Ames把这个理论框架称为“分流理论”。

Ames写道,“预防衰老引起的退行性疾病是一门不同于治疗疾病的科学。它涉及到代谢、营养、生物化学和遗传调控元素以及多态性方面的专业知识。这种方法对于降低医疗成本至关重要。据估计,欧盟通过补充维生素D和钙来预防骨质疏松这一措施将节省40亿欧元的医疗成本。”

在最近发表的几篇论文中,他的团队发现了证据,证明这种权衡可以在长期、低水平缺乏维生素K和元素硒(分别是16种和25种不同酶的关键成分)的人身上观察到。Ames实验室发表的研究表明,为了维持维生素K凝血作用而摄入所缺乏的维生素K时,人体产生的维持动脉畅通所需的酶就会减少,而这与血管疾病的高死亡率有关。

Ames说:“饮食对我们的长期健康非常重要,这个理论框架强调你应该听妈妈的话:“多吃蔬菜和水果,不喝含糖饮料。”

Ames猜测还有更多长寿维生素等待去发现。不像所谓的必需维生素,如维生素C,如果缺乏它,我们很快会体现出病态。而识别长寿维生素则需要长期观察,因为缺乏这些维生素造成的损害对于老化来说是一个潜在和缓慢的过程。

Ames在近70年的职业生涯中发表了500多篇科学论文,他认为这是一份重要的出版物。他说:“这可能是一篇理论论文,但我希望它能给每个人的寿命增加几年。”

原始出处:
Bruce N. Ames, et al. Prolonging healthy aging: Longevity vitamins and proteins. PNAS. October 15, 2018

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    2019-04-21 drwjr
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    2018-10-31 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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    2018-10-23 木村拓

    ?('ω')?

    0

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    2018-10-23 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-10-22 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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