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Neurology:千万别误诊为皮层静脉血栓,因为治疗完全不同

2018-02-13 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

66岁,女性,主因意识丧失后右下肢抖动到急诊室就诊。

66岁,女性,主因意识丧失后右下肢抖动到急诊室就诊。

既往:2周前头外伤史。

平扫头CT未见特异性改变。第二天脑增强MRI显示左侧中央后回异常信号(下图A-C)。

下图A,flari显示病灶高信号;图B,未见强化;图C,GRE显示含铁血黄素沉积:



第四天右侧肢体无力加重。复查脑MRI显示左侧中央后回病灶扩大,伴占位效应、水肿以及可疑层状坏死。由于病情加重,患者被转到上级医院继续治疗。转院后复查脑MRI显示水肿加重,微出血,以及皮层病灶强化(下图D-F)。

下图D,Flair显示病灶扩大;图E,可见新发强化;图F,SWI显示含铁血黄素沉积:



由于不排除血管炎或皮层静脉血栓,随后进行了血管造影检查。DSA发现动静脉短路(arteriovenous shunt):脑膜中动脉额支直接汇入硬膜下静脉。静脉增粗(动脉直径的2倍)引流到上矢状窦(下图)。静脉异常与脑实质病变相符。

下图,左侧颈动脉造影显示脑膜中动脉额支直接汇入硬膜下静脉(箭头):



由于入路问题,无法进行介入栓塞术。随后神经外科颅骨切除术发现硬膜内静脉与皮层静脉相通,术中电凝。皮层静脉变蓝,无搏动,提示皮层静脉供血仅来自动静脉瘘。

手术后,患者右侧无力迅速好转。几个月后,患者能够骑自行车,跑步,残留右足稍无力。

最终诊断为硬脑膜动静脉瘘,患者的头部创伤可能是瘘的病因。

原始出处:
Béatrice Deschênes St-Pierre, et al. Clinical Reasoning: A 66-year-old woman with seizures and progressive right-sided weakness. Neurology. Jan 29, 2018.

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    2018-11-19 xue8602
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    2018-06-27 fusion
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    2018-12-19 yinhl1978
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    2018-02-13 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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