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Sci Rep:接种轮状病毒疫苗与婴儿I型糖尿病风险降低相关

2019-06-16 佚名 Nature自然科研

根据《科学报告》发表的一项研究 Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017,常规接种轮状病毒疫苗可能和儿童I型糖尿病风险降低相关。轮状病毒是腹泻和呕吐的一种常见起因。

根据《科学报告》发表的一项研究 Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017,常规接种轮状病毒疫苗可能和儿童I型糖尿病风险降低相关。轮状病毒是腹泻和呕吐的一种常见起因。 



研究参与者的流程图。来源:Rogers et.al

美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校的Mary Rogers及同事利用来自私人健康保险公司的匿名数据,研究了2001年至2017年在美国出生的1,474,535名婴儿,发现完全完成轮状病毒疫苗接种(即接种了所有必需剂量)的儿童与未接种的儿童相比,前者I型糖尿病的风险有所下降。在2006年至2017年间出生且接种了疫苗的540,317名儿童中,192名患上了糖尿病(相当于每年12.2/十万名儿童)。在同期未接种疫苗的246,600名儿童中,166名患上了糖尿病(相当于每年20.6/十万名儿童)。不完全接种(遗漏了一次或多次剂量)与糖尿病发病率不相关。

2006年至2017年使用了两种轮状病毒疫苗,一种是预防五种不同类型轮状病毒的五价疫苗,一种是预防一种轮状病毒的单价疫苗。接种了其中任意一种疫苗的儿童与未接种的儿童相比,前者因轮状病毒感染而住院的比率比后者低94%。在接种疫苗后的60天内,前者的整体住院率也较后者低31%,这表明疫苗是安全的。完全接种三个剂量的五价疫苗使I型糖尿病的风险降低了37%。

过去的人类及动物研究已将轮状病毒感染与I型糖尿病、β细胞损伤和胰腺感染联系起来。虽然还需要开展进一步的研究来详细探索接种轮状病毒疫苗与I型糖尿病风险下降之间的关联,但是作者认为接种轮状病毒疫苗可能是一种可以帮助预防I型糖尿病的可行措施。

原始出处:
Mary A. M. Rogers, Tanima Basu & Catherine Kim, et al. Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017. Scientific Report. Jun 2019.

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