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Neurology:抗结核治疗导致的精神异常

2020-02-15 zyx 神经科病例撷英拾粹

12岁女孩,有多药耐药性肺结核病史,表现为头痛和精神异常5天;当时患者正在接受复杂的抗结核治疗

12岁女孩,有多药耐药性肺结核病史,表现为头痛和精神异常5天;当时患者正在接受复杂的抗结核治疗(卡那霉素,左氧氟沙星,乙硫异烟胺,吡嗪酰胺,环丝氨酸,乙胺丁醇)和吡哆醇(维生素B6)。查体提示阵发性感觉异常和攻击倾向。鉴别诊断包括神经结核病,免疫重建-炎性综合征和药物所致精神异常。神经影像学可见环丝氨酸所致脑病(cycloserine-induced encephalopathy,CIE)的特征(图1A–F)。改用利奈唑胺替代环丝氨酸,4周后临床和影像学表现完全消失(图2A–D),进一步证实了诊断

环丝氨酸,一种NMDA部分激动剂,被广泛应用于抗结核治疗。其可以导致可逆性脑病。在考虑治疗方案时,临床医生应注意可能出现CIE。


(图1:脑MRI[A-B:T2WI;C-D:DWI;E-F:ADC]可见丘脑和齿状核T2高信号伴双侧丘脑弥散受限和齿状核血管源性水肿;影像学改变符合环丝氨酸中毒)


(图2:4周后复查脑MRI[A-B:T2WI;C-D:ADC]可见丘脑和齿状核信号异常完全好转)

原始出处:Singanamala B, Saini L, Madaan P, et al. Antitubercular therapy-induced psychosis.Neurology. 2019 Dec 3;93(23):1012-1013.

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