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Nature子刊:万能的「多喝热水」是真要命!爱吃喝「烫嘴」,食管鳞癌风险最高增加近4倍!

2022-07-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

研究人员开发了一个复合热暴露指数,得分范围为1到12。该指数与ESCC风险密切相关。因此,该评分为未来的研究和风险评估提供了改进的热暴露指标,并且提供了剂量-反应关系的证据。

据2020年全球癌症负担估计,食管癌(EC)是癌症导致的第六大常见死因(544076例死亡),也是第八大常见癌症(604100例新发病例)。全球EC的主要组织学亚型是鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)(约88%),这也是中国部分地区,伊朗和东非走廊等地理热点地区的主要类型。

迄今为止,研究结果表明,烟草、酒精、口腔健康状况不佳、室内空气污染以及水果和蔬菜摄入量减少使ESCC风险增加。另一个推测的决定因素是食用非常热的食物和饮料引起的热损伤。2016年,国际癌症研究机构(IARC)专著工作组将极热饮料(>65°C)评估为2A组“可能对人类致癌”。在东非有两项横断面研究表明,当地热饮摄入温度极高,坦桑尼亚的平均第一口茶温度为70.6°C,邻国肯尼亚为72.6°C。

在目前马拉维和坦桑尼亚进行的病例对照研究中,研究人员调查了摄入食物/饮料期间热暴露的自我报告标志物,并分别在四个热暴露指标和综合评分中研究了ESCC风险。

根据马拉维布兰太尔(2017-20)和坦桑尼亚乞力马扎罗山(2015-19)的ESCCAPE病例对照研究,研究人员使用针对国家、年龄、性别、酒精和烟草调整回归模型,估计饮用茶、咖啡和/或粥时自我报告的热暴露的比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI)。

4个“热暴露”指标包括:饮料/食物的温度分为温、热、烫和极烫4档;在饮酒/进食前等待时间分为>5分钟、2~5分钟、<2分钟;进食速度分为缓慢、正常、快和极快;以及口腔平均每月被烫伤的次数。

该研究包括849例病例和906名对照组。4个热暴露指标都与ESCC呈正相关:在饮料/食物的温度方面,相比于“热”,习惯吃“烫”食的ESCC风险升高92%(OR=1.92;95%CI:1.50-2.46);在饮酒/进食前等待时间方面,相比于2-5分钟者,<2分钟者ESCC风险升高76%(OR=1.76;95%CI:1.37-2.26);在进食速度方面,相比于“缓慢”者,“正常”者ESCC风险升高123%(OR=2.23;95%CI:1.78-2.79);以及在口腔平均每月被烫伤的次数上,相比没有烫伤的人,每月烫伤≥6次者ESCC风险升高90%(OR=1.90;95%CI:1.19-3.01)。

热暴露综合得分从1到12不等,ESCC风险随着得分的提高而增加:综合评分每增加1分,食管鳞癌风险增加22%。相比“热暴露”综合得分≤3分,“热暴露”综合评分≥9分的人群食管癌风险是前者4.6倍(OR= 4.6;95%CI:2.1-10.0)。

从具体影响程度而言,热暴露评分每增加1分,平均影响最大的依次是进食速度(风险增加76%)、进食前等待时间(风险增加55%)、饮食温度(风险增加33%)和口腔烫伤(19%)。

非洲急需食管癌的一级预防策略,因其预后极差,且该病每年导致26000人死亡。本分析介绍了马拉维和坦桑尼亚关于热茶,咖啡和粥消费的热暴露以及ESCC风险的调查结果。结果显示,在国家、年龄和性别之间,ESCC风险一致,即饮料/食物的温度越高进食前等待时间越短,进食速度越快以及热饮料/食物引起的口/舌烫伤次数越多,ESCC风险增加。避免食用非常热的食物/饮料可能有助于预防东非的ESCC。

基于这四项措施,研究人员开发了一个复合热暴露指数,得分范围为1到12。该指数与ESCC风险密切相关。因此,该评分为未来的研究和风险评估提供了改进的热暴露指标,并且提供了剂量-反应关系的证据。

原文来源:

Masukume, G., Mmbaga, B.T., Dzamalala, C.P., et al., (2022). A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania: findings from the ESCCAPE case–control studies. Br J Cancer, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-022-01890-8

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    2022-10-21 sjq027
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    2022-10-03 liye789132251
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    2022-08-10 ms4000000107816248

    火锅子要戒了

    0

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    2022-07-04 zhouqu_8
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    2022-07-03 huaguang

    食管癌与长期太烫的食物有一定关系

    0

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    2022-07-02 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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