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王峰教授:PD-1单抗在结直肠癌(CRC)治疗中扮演更重要角色

2018-11-20 佚名 ioncology

对于微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)的结直肠癌(CRC)患者而言,既往的研究结果显示出PD-1单抗单药的良好疗效,已然成为后线治疗的标准方案。

PD-1单抗+CTLA-4抑制剂在微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)CRC患者中的治疗进展

对于微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)的直肠癌(CRC)患者而言,既往的研究结果显示出PD-1单抗单药的良好疗效,已然成为后线治疗的标准方案。本次ESMO会议更新了Checkmate 142的最新研究结果,将CTLA-4抑制剂ipilimumab联合PD-1单抗Nivolumab作为晚期CRC患者的一线治疗,并将ipilimumab剂量进行了下调。 其研究结果显示:该联合方案的总体有效率(ORR)达60%,疾病控制率(DCR)达90%;中位无进展生存期(mPFS)超过1年(目前中位随访14月,mPFS尚未达到);1年的总体生存率(1-y OS)超过80%。故Checkmate142研究的最新结果可谓令人极为鼓舞。

虽然,MSI-H仅占晚期CRC的5%~10%左右,而PD-1单抗在此类CRC患者中的疗效极为良好,其与CTLA-4抑制剂的联合可能将取代化疗+靶向治疗的地位,进而对MSI-H的CRC患者治疗产生更新,我们非常期待该联合方案的远期生存结果。

此外,对于局部晚期的结直肠患者(CRC)而言,接受PD-1单抗联合CTLA-4抑制剂作为新辅助治疗后,7例患者中有4例达病理完全缓解(pCR),且另3例患者的肿瘤残留也仅为1%~2%,这一结果同样令人欣喜。因此,对于MSI-H的CRC患者,若手术不易实施,可先期进行PD-1单抗联合CTLA-4抑制剂的新辅助治疗。其疗效极为不俗,免疫治疗应成为其治疗选择。

PD-1单抗在微卫星稳定(MSS)CRC患者的维持治疗中进展并不显着

在微卫星稳定(MSS)CRC患者的维持治疗方面,对于BRAF野生型者,在FOLFOX方案一线治疗后,分别采用5-FU+贝伐珠单抗、5-FU+贝伐珠单抗+PD-L1单抗Atezolizumab进行维持治疗。结果显示,两组维持方案的疗效未见显着差异。因此,PD-1单抗在CRC维持治疗的进展并不明显,有待进一步探索。

CRC患者的化疗进展

在CRC化疗方面,VALENTINO研究更新了维持治疗的结果,分别采用帕尼单抗联合5-FU或帕尼单抗单药维持治疗。 在分子标志物(Biomarkers)的检测方面,对抗EGFR相关靶点(PI3K、HER2等基因)在生存预测方面的价值进行了更新。结果显示:预测敏感的患者生存情况显着优于不敏感患者;此外,该研究也再次明确了左右半CRC对于抗EGFR治疗具有疗效差异。进而,结合以上因素可更为准确地预测出并筛选对帕尼单抗敏感的CRC患者人群。

免疫治疗进展可能带来CRC一线标准方案的改变

基于目前或将来大型III期的良好结果,对于微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)的CRC患者而言,其一线标准方案可能发生改变,即PD-1单抗单药或PD-1单抗联合CTLA-4抑制剂将有可能批准作为MSI-H的CRC患者的一线标准方案。因为,相比较于化疗+靶向治疗方案而言,免疫治疗方案虽然在ORR及PFS的提升方面较为有限,但其1年后OS显着提高,生存曲线的平台期也明显延长。OS方面的巨大优势将使得免疫治疗方案成为此类患者的一线标准治疗。

对于微卫星稳定(MSS)的CRC患者而言,尚需要进一步探索。既往的研究表明,PD-1单抗联合MEK抑制剂或贝伐珠单抗并未显示出阳性的发现。基于循证医学的不充足,目前我并不推荐将PD-1单抗用于MSS的CRC患者的治疗。 此外,多项PD-1单抗相关临床试验正在招募患者中,我们期待更多的CRC患者积极参与其中。

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    2019-07-05 yxch36
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