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Nature:非小细胞肺癌生物学及治疗里程碑

2018-02-04 王强 肿瘤资讯

近二十年来,由于非小细胞肺癌生物学、肿瘤进展机制及早期检测和多学科治疗方面研究的不断深入,因此其治疗方面也取得了显着进展。当然,其总体治愈率和生存率方面仍不容乐观,因此仍需加大相关研究力度。有鉴于此,耶鲁大学医学院Herbst等人在《Nature》发表了非小细胞肺癌生物学及治疗相关综述,希望可以在总结已有信息的情况下为下一步研究提供一定的思路。

近二十年来,由于非小细胞肺癌生物学、肿瘤进展机制及早期检测和多学科治疗方面研究的不断深入,因此其治疗方面也取得了显着进展。当然,其总体治愈率和生存率方面仍不容乐观,因此仍需加大相关研究力度。有鉴于此,耶鲁大学医学院Herbst等人在《Nature》发表了非小细胞肺癌生物学及治疗相关综述,希望可以在总结已有信息的情况下为下一步研究提供一定的思路。

众所周知,非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)约占肺癌的85%,其中大部分为肺腺癌(LUAD)和肺鳞癌(LUSC)。吸烟在这类癌症的病因中占据重要地位,美国的肺癌病例中80%以上为吸烟者,肺鳞癌患者尤甚。FDA已通过相关政策,力促降低香烟中的尼古丁至非成瘾水平。当然,仅仅戒烟还不足以赢得肺癌狙击战的胜利,因此在肺癌生物学、新型靶向治疗药物、靶向治疗耐药机制等方面加强研究还是很有必要的。耶鲁大学医学院Herbst等人在《Nature》发表了非小细胞肺癌生物学及治疗相关综述,希望可以在总结已有信息的情况下为下一步研究提供一定的思路。肿瘤资讯择其要点为大家编译介绍如下。


图1.非小细胞肺癌中可以实施干预的靶基因及相互作用概述

由图1可见,非小细胞肺癌中可以实施干预的靶基因涉及了酪氨酸激酶受体信号通路、mTOR信号通路、氧化应激反应、增生及细胞周期等相关通路,机制方面则包括了体细胞突变、纯合性缺失、局灶扩增、基因表达显着上调或下调等。总体而言,肺腺癌中最常见的突变有KRAS、EGFR及肿瘤抑制基因TP53、KEAP1、STK11、NF1;而肺鳞癌中最常见的突变则有TP53(约90%以上的肿瘤有此突变)、CDKN2A,而后者编码的p16INK4A、p14ARF蛋白在70%以上的肺鳞癌中是失活的;肺鳞癌中也有EGFR的扩增,但较少见。

表1.近二十年来NSCLC靶向治疗及免疫治疗相关进展


表2.非小细胞肺癌一线靶向治疗的部分随机试验


图2. 进展期及转移性NSCLC中目前应用及正在研究中的个体化治疗方案

图2为进展期及转移性NSCLC中目前应用及正在研究中的个体化治疗方案;纵轴为PD-L1表达水平(由上至下逐渐升高),横轴为无进展生存期(月)。约25%的NSCLC病例具有可靶向干预的致癌基因异常,其中最常见的为EGFR突变。病变出现进展时,应再次活检确定最佳治疗方案。PD-L1高表达(>50%)或微卫星高度不稳定的患者可以单药应用免疫检查点阻断剂。一般说来,无进展生存期中位数并非免疫检查点阻断剂获益体现的最佳指标,因为部分患者即使经长期随访后仍会存活、或无病生存。PD-L1高表达(>50%)或低表达(>1%)者,目前正在评估抗PD-1或抗PD-L1联合细胞毒性治疗、抗CTLA-4治疗或联合其他免疫治疗的获益。

点评

回望过去,近二十余年非小细胞肺癌的治疗已经取得了显着进展。这些进展离不开对其生物学行为的深入探索。本综述对既往的成就、以及当前正在进行的临床研究进行了综述,希望可以在此基础上对下一步研究有一定提示作用。

原始出处:

Herbst RS, Morgensztern D, Boshoff C.The biology and management of non-small cell lung cancer.Nature. 2018 Jan 24;553(7689):446-454.

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    2018-12-11 xzw113
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    2018-08-30 liye789132251
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    2018-02-09 大爰

    好文章.学习了!!

    0

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    2018-02-04 lovetcm

    非小细胞肺癌是分子靶向治疗研究最透彻的.在2010年之前可能每五年.患者的生存期才能延长一个月.但是随着免疫治疗的出现以及新型的靶向药物的出现.使得明确靶点的NSCLC患者得到非常好的救治.未来难题是如何进一步提升

    0

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    2018-02-04 zdvfsadb

    学习了

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    2018-02-04 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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