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Cell:找到自闭症的新基因亚群,有治愈希望

2016-12-06 佚名 生物探索

泛自闭症障碍影响到世界上百分之一的人口,他们在社会交往和沟通上有一系列困难。自闭症分为典型的自闭症(AD,Autistic Disorder)和一般意义上的自闭系列症,即泛自闭症(ASD,Autistic Spectrum Disorders)。泛自闭症除了包括典型意义上的自闭症外,还包括非典型意义上类似自闭症的疾病。这些患者在行为和智力等某些方面存在障碍,但在其他方面却表现较为正常。因此,泛自闭

泛自闭症障碍影响到世界上百分之一的人口,他们在社会交往和沟通上有一系列困难。自闭症分为典型的自闭症(AD,Autistic Disorder)和一般意义上的自闭系列症,即泛自闭症(ASD,Autistic Spectrum Disorders)。泛自闭症除了包括典型意义上的自闭症外,还包括非典型意义上类似自闭症的疾病。这些患者在行为和智力等某些方面存在障碍,但在其他方面却表现较为正常。因此,泛自闭症也即较为轻度的自闭症。


目前对于自闭症只能采取康复治疗。虽然通过基因测序,人们已经明确了超过100个自闭症易感基因,但是自闭症在遗传上有异质性,自闭症患者之间存在着显著的遗传多样性,比人们之前所认为的更为复杂。

确定泛自闭症障碍新的遗传原因

12月1日发表在Cell的一项新的研究中,在奥地利IST的教授GaiaNovarino的带领下一组研究人员,已经确定了泛自闭症障碍新的遗传原因。

Gaia Novarino解释解释了为什么这一发现是如此重要:“有许多不同的基因突变导致的自闭症,它们都是非常罕见的。这种异质性使其难以开发有效的治疗方法。我们的分析不仅揭示了一个新的自闭症相关的基因,但也确定了其突变导致自闭症的机制。令人兴奋的是,其它基因的突变共享这个自闭症引起机制,表明我们可能找到泛自闭症障碍的一个重要亚群。”

作者之一土耳其伊斯坦布尔科学大学Caglayan博士指出:“新基因的识别,特别是在异质性疾病中(比如自闭症)是比较困难的。然而,作为一个协同努力的结果,我们在几例近亲结婚并症断出患有自闭症症候群的患者中,识别出被称为SLC7A5的基因。”

SLC7A5突变导致脑内支链氨基酸降低

SLC7A5运输所谓的支链氨基酸(BCAA)进入大脑。了解SLC7A5突变如何导致自闭症,研究人员研究了SLC7A5在血脑屏障中移除的小鼠。这个缺陷降低了他们大脑中支链氨基酸水平,并干扰神经细胞蛋白质合成。因此,小鼠表现出社会交往减少和其他的变化,这些行为也在其它自闭症小鼠模型观察到。在以前的研究中,Gaia Novarino及同事就发现有一个基因涉及几例泛自闭症障碍、智力障碍和癫痫病人中的相同氨基酸减少。Gaia Novarino 解释说:“当然,并不是所有导致自闭症的基因都影响氨基酸的水平,而且这些形式的自闭症是非常罕见的,但有可能更多的自闭症的致病基因属于这个类别。”



SLC7A5缺失小鼠的神经症状可治愈

值得注意的是,研究者在三周的时间里通过将BCAAs直接注射进老鼠的大脑内,能够治疗那些在血脑屏障鼠缺失SLC7A5的神经系统异常小鼠,作者能观察到行为症状的改善。

研究人员介绍他们的结果为这种形式的泛自闭症障碍提供了潜在的治疗方式,但从治疗小鼠转换到治疗自闭症病人还需要另外很多年的研究。研究结果与自闭症是不可逆的观点相对立。在实验中处理小鼠症状的方法并不能直接应用到人类,但是该研究发现了这些缺失SLC7A5的小鼠展现的神经系统并发症能够获救,所以患者能够被治好也是有可能的。

原始出处

Dora C. Tărlungeanu, Elena Deliu, Christoph P. Dotter, Majdi Kara, Philipp Christoph Janiesch, Mariafrancesca Scalise, Michele Galluccio, Mateja Tesulov, Emanuela Morelli, Fatma Mujgan Sonmez, Kaya Bilguvar, Ryuichi Ohgaki, Yoshikatsu Kanai, Anide Johansen, Seham Esharif, Tawfeg Ben-Omran, Meral Topcu, Avner Schlessinger, Cesare Indiveri, Kent E. Duncan.Impaired Amino Acid Transport at the Blood Brain Barrier Is a Cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder.cell.2016

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869661, encodeId=e8291869661bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 18 23:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959920, encodeId=f0381959920aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Sep 05 20:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527637, encodeId=86b4152e63768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616363, encodeId=7428161636368, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9658313ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58313, encryptionId=0d9658313ea, topicName=新基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd7919746090, createdName=12498b3em14(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160659, encodeId=32b11606595c, content=如果可能变成现实,那该多好啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161120/IMG58313BF14EEB61101.jpg, createdBy=90521983153, createdName='sandra, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:31:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-05 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869661, encodeId=e8291869661bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu May 18 23:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959920, encodeId=f0381959920aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Sep 05 20:06:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527637, encodeId=86b4152e63768, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1616363, encodeId=7428161636368, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0d9658313ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58313, encryptionId=0d9658313ea, topicName=新基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd7919746090, createdName=12498b3em14(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Dec 08 01:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=160659, encodeId=32b11606595c, content=如果可能变成现实,那该多好啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161120/IMG58313BF14EEB61101.jpg, createdBy=90521983153, createdName='sandra, createdTime=Tue Dec 06 10:31:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-08 xiongke014
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    2016-12-06 'sandra

    如果可能变成现实,那该多好啊

    0

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之前丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究人员在美国2015年的《儿科学杂志》上报告说:在分析了1997年至2003年出生的丹麦宝宝及其母亲的数据后,如果孕妇患流行性感冒,其子女在3岁前被诊断出患自闭症的风险增加一倍;如果孕妇发烧持续一周以上,其子女在3岁前被诊断出患自闭症的风险提高两倍。自闭症又称孤独症,是一种发育障碍类疾病。患者生活基本不能自理,可能需要持续一生的治疗。到目前为止,人们还没有找到可以治愈自闭症的

盘点:近期自闭症重大相关研究进展汇总

自闭症(Autism或Autistic disorder)又称孤独症,是一种有生物基础的发育障碍类疾病。自闭症孩子又称为星星的孩子。DSM-V将自闭症核心症状归结为社交障碍,沟通困难和重复,刻板行为。不容乐观的是自闭症的患病人数在逐年增加。自闭症已经成为儿童精神类致残的重要疾病,随着发病率的持续升高,自闭症患儿让无数家庭为之焦心。下面小编盘点了近期与自闭症相关重要研究,供大家参考。【1】Lan

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