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PNAS:科学家发现神经母细胞瘤患者的耐药机制

2012-08-15 Beyond 生物谷

尽管经过多年的精心研究,但神经母细胞瘤,成人中一种最常见和致命的脑癌仍继续有针对性地克服抑制肿瘤生长的治疗。 生物学家和肿瘤学家们早就知道,至少50%的胶质母细胞瘤患者存在一种称为表皮生长因子受体的蛋白质EGFR的改变。 然而,胶质母细胞瘤患者要么会遇到治疗的前期阻力,要么会对阻止蛋白质功能的抑制剂迅速产生耐药性,这提示表明还有另一个信号通路在神经母细胞瘤中发挥作用。 近日,美国加州大学圣迭戈

尽管经过多年的精心研究,但神经母细胞瘤,成人中一种最常见和致命的脑癌仍继续有针对性地克服抑制肿瘤生长的治疗。 生物学家和肿瘤学家们早就知道,至少50%的胶质母细胞瘤患者存在一种称为表皮生长因子受体的蛋白质EGFR的改变。

然而,胶质母细胞瘤患者要么会遇到治疗的前期阻力,要么会对阻止蛋白质功能的抑制剂迅速产生耐药性,这提示表明还有另一个信号通路在神经母细胞瘤中发挥作用。

近日,美国加州大学圣迭戈分校(UCSD)和洛杉矶分校(UCLA)和圣保罗大学的研究人员在PNAS杂志上发表论文称,他们发现了耐药机制的确切原因。

早期研究表明,抑癌基因PTEN基因在一些癌症患者体内可能是处于关闭状态,其功能的丧失可能造成患者患者抵抗表皮生长因子受体抑制剂。 加州大学圣迭戈分校高级研究员Frank Furnari博士说:我们不禁问自己,PTEN基因是如何被发生改变的呢?时什么改变了改变其功能?

研究人员专注于一种被称为磷酸化的蛋白修饰过程,磷酸化控制着一些蛋白质的开启和关闭过程。他们映射出了PTEN基因被改变或磷酸化情况,随后开发出一种抗体,当PTEN蛋白发生磷酸化时这种抗体能辨识PTEN蛋白。然后研究团队进行了抗体测试。与圣保罗大学Suely Marie MD合作,他们首先评估了大型系列的胶质母细胞瘤患者临床标本,结果发现该蛋白的磷酸化情况确实存在存在。

随后加州大学洛杉矶分校Paul Mischel博士筛查临床样本的EGFR阳性,哪些对表皮生长因子受体抑制剂治疗没有回应,哪些是有反应的。结果证实PTEN基因修饰过的的患者有抗表皮生长因子受体抑制剂的现象。 Furnari补充说:我们认为这PTEN的修改可能会成为一个有用的标记物,以确定是否一个病人将对生长因子受体抑制剂有响应。如果能防止磷酸化,我们的研究表明EGFR抑制剂将能更好的发挥作用。该研究小组发现了两种酶负责关闭PTEN,即成纤维细胞生长因子受体与Src家族激酶。通过了解这些酶是如何影响抑癌功能的基因,科学家可能能够针对不同的分子,进行干预治疗,防止患者出现抵抗表皮生长因子受体抑制剂的现象。

编译自:Modification of tumor suppressor affects sensitivity to potential GBM treatment

 

doi:10.1073/pnas.1211962109
PMC:
PMID:

Resistance to EGF receptor inhibitors in glioblastoma mediated by phosphorylation of the PTEN tumor suppressor at tyrosine 240

Tim R. Fentona,1, David Nathansonb, Claudio Ponte de Albuquerquea, et al.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive of the astrocytic malignancies and the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Although the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and/or mutated in at least 50% of GBM cases and is required for tumor maintenance in animal models, EGFR inhibitors have thus far failed to deliver significant responses in GBM patients. One inherent resistance mechanism in GBM is the coactivation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, which generates redundancy in activation of phosphoinositide-3′-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Here we demonstrate that the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor is frequently phosphorylated at a conserved tyrosine residue, Y240, in GBM clinical samples. Phosphorylation of Y240 is associated with shortened overall survival and resistance to EGFR inhibitor therapy in GBM patients and plays an active role in mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition in vitro. Y240 phosphorylation can be mediated by both fibroblast growth factor receptors and SRC family kinases (SFKs) but does not affect the ability of PTEN to antagonize PI3K signaling. These findings show that, in addition to genetic loss and mutation of PTEN, its modulation by tyrosine phosphorylation has important implications for the development and treatment of GBM.

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    2012-12-02 drwjr
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3月14日,国际著名医学杂志《美国医学会杂志》JAMA在线刊登了国外研究人员的一项研究“Association of Age at Diagnosis and Genetic Mutations in Patients With Neuroblastoma,”,该研究披露,基因ATRX的某些突变与儿童和青壮年在被诊断患有晚期神经母细胞瘤时的年龄有关(一种在神经系统的某些部位生长的癌症)。 神

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