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病例分享:一例疑似隐匿性乙型肝炎的病例分享

2018-04-22 上海长海医院实验诊断科 孙婷婷,裴开玮 检验视界网

某日老师发报告时发现一罕见病例,怀疑该患者可能为隐匿性乙型肝炎,于是我们开始查病历、看文献,想要研究透彻这一现象的本质,下面让我们带着几个问题来看这篇文章。

某日老师发报告时发现一罕见病例,怀疑该患者可能为隐匿性乙型肝炎,于是我们开始查病历、看文献,想要研究透彻这一现象的本质,下面让我们带着几个问题来看这篇文章。

Q1:什么是隐匿性乙型肝炎?

HBV隐匿性感染是一种较为特殊的HBV感染方式,多数发生在新生儿、婴幼儿、免疫缺陷患者、病毒变异感染者中,大部分是由于机体免疫功能不健全、下降或是病毒基因突变等原因造成,因此又称为免疫静默感染。

HBsAg的转阴及抗-HBs的出现一直被认为是乙型肝炎病毒清除和临床痊愈的标志。但随着近年来分子生物学技术的发展以及在HBV临床检测中的应用,发现部分HBV复制水平较低的携带者血清中HBsAg阴性,但血清或肝组织中HBV DNA持续存在,从而提出隐匿性HBV感染的概念,这种感染状态可发生于抗-HBs和(或)抗-HBc阳性的患者,也可见于乙型肝炎抗原、抗体全为阴性的个体。

Q2:为什么怀疑该患者为隐匿性乙型肝炎?

病例:患者因“发现原发性肝癌2月余,便血3天,加重1天”,门诊拟“消化道出血”于2017年9月11日收入我院。患者老年女,急性起病,治疗史明确,病程较长。查体:P 100bmp、R 20bmp、BP 120/60mmHg,腹平坦、无腹壁静脉曲张,腹部柔软,无压痛、反跳痛。辅助检查:血常规(输血前)Hb 53g/l,RBC 1.74×10^12/L,PLT 100×10^9/L;

乙肝表面抗原、抗体连续两次检查结果如下(图一)(图二)。



图一



图二

HBsAg阴性,HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性,乙肝病毒DNA定量检测阳性(图三)



图三

诊断结果:血清HBsAg阴性,而血清中HBV-DNA阳性。

生化指标检查肝功能异常,复查结果仍异常(图四)。



图四

查询病史发现该患者此前被诊断为原发性肝癌,在我院的诊断为:1,消化道出血;2,原发性肝癌伴门脉癌栓、TACE术后;3,2型糖尿病;4,右颌下腺腺癌术后、放化疗后。

现如今对于隐匿性肝炎感染(OBI)比较认可的说法是:血清HBsAg阴性,而血清和(或)肝组织中HBV DNA阳性,并且伴有慢性乙型肝炎的临床表现。现多将隐匿性肝炎患者分为两类:1.血清反应阳性的隐匿性肝炎,即抗-HBc和(或)抗-HBs阳性;2.血清反应阴性的隐匿性肝炎,即抗-HBc和抗-HBs均为阴性。

此患者的血清学特点符合上述说法,然而却不能确诊,因为在临床诊断隐匿性慢性乙型肝炎时,首先排除其他原因引起的肝损伤,再结合相关化学检查及临床症状的情况下,仍有5%~10%的患者不能明确诊断。需要完善血清HBV DNA结合肝穿刺活检或单独进行血清HBV DNA检测以确诊。

Q3:隐匿性乙型肝炎的发病机制?

通过研究综合多方面的证据能够证明,此类感染确实客观存在且具有致病性及传染性。目前对于隐匿性慢性乙型肝炎的病理机制目前尚未有明确统一的说法,但通过临床研究总结,该反应同基因变异或整合、HBV低水平复制、HBsAg表达、分泌遭到抑制等方面有关。(1)HBV始终保持极低的复制水平,在临床的常规酶免疫测定试剂敏感度相对较低,无法准确检测;(2)HBV与宿主染色体整合,有研究发现HBV DNA都能够整合到肝细胞染色体DNA中,导致病毒DNA序列重排,即仅在肝实质细胞中查见完整的病毒序列,当机体的免疫系统被抑制时,HBsAg等免疫学标志物可能再次出现;(3)HBsAg的表达和分泌被抑制,有报道显示HCV、HDV以及血吸虫感染能抑制肝实质HBV的活性;(4)HBV基因出现变异。由于隐匿性HBV感染者有缺陷病毒存在,有研究指出,对于输注隐匿性乙肝感染者的血液与接受隐匿性乙肝感染者肝源者,可出现急性HBV感染;(5)与基因类型有关,采样调查发现基因型C可能更容易引起HBV隐匿性感染;(6)因其他不同类型的嗜肝性病毒干扰,出现重叠感染,或者因为宿主免疫系统应答出现异常,病毒感染时间过长。

目前在隐匿性乙型肝炎的研究方面,由于样本量有限及研究方法的原因,对于隐匿性HBV感染的发生机制、检测手段及诊断、治疗等方面还缺乏研究,有待进一步提高。

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    2018-04-23 易水河

    学习学习啊

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1825661, encodeId=b39818256612c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a942339426' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23394, encryptionId=1a942339426, topicName=乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sun Nov 25 17:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1936095, encodeId=3a79193609573, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1908984822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#隐匿性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98482, encryptionId=1908984822d, topicName=隐匿性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b71f2500114, createdName=1179102698_36768926, createdTime=Sat Oct 06 13:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618451, encodeId=cbc516184513b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5dbc98480ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#隐匿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98480, encryptionId=5dbc98480ef, topicName=隐匿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Mon Apr 23 15:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308515, encodeId=7a6230851565, content=学习学习啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon Apr 23 12:07:17 CST 2018, time=2018-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308103, encodeId=f6c630810300, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Apr 22 06:37:34 CST 2018, time=2018-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308067, encodeId=3df530806ef9, content=临床也碰到过 最后跟作者一样 查DNA 肝穿, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35e76003, createdName=871538379, createdTime=Sun Apr 22 05:55:02 CST 2018, time=2018-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-22 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1825661, encodeId=b39818256612c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a942339426' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乙型肝炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23394, encryptionId=1a942339426, topicName=乙型肝炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea6321, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sun Nov 25 17:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1936095, encodeId=3a79193609573, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1908984822d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#隐匿性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98482, encryptionId=1908984822d, topicName=隐匿性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b71f2500114, createdName=1179102698_36768926, createdTime=Sat Oct 06 13:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618451, encodeId=cbc516184513b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5dbc98480ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#隐匿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98480, encryptionId=5dbc98480ef, topicName=隐匿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Mon Apr 23 15:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308515, encodeId=7a6230851565, content=学习学习啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon Apr 23 12:07:17 CST 2018, time=2018-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308103, encodeId=f6c630810300, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=136, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Apr 22 06:37:34 CST 2018, time=2018-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=308067, encodeId=3df530806ef9, content=临床也碰到过 最后跟作者一样 查DNA 肝穿, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a35e76003, createdName=871538379, createdTime=Sun Apr 22 05:55:02 CST 2018, time=2018-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-22 871538379

    临床也碰到过 最后跟作者一样 查DNA 肝穿

    0

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