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我国护理专科门诊总体发展态势良好

2017-11-02 高凤莉等 中国护理管理

护士出门诊,早已不是新鲜事。但是现阶段,我国护理专科门诊的发展如何?取得了什么成效?面临着什么困难?为了解我国专科护理门诊的发展现状,“中国护理管理”杂志社于2016年特别出资资助“护理专科门诊”科研课题,由北京朝阳医院牵头组建课题小组,对这一问题进行调研,现将有关科研成果介绍如下。什么是护理专科门诊?护理专科门诊(Nurse-Led Clinics,NLCs)作为一种高级护理实践模式,是以护士为

护士出门诊,早已不是新鲜事。但是现阶段,我国护理专科门诊的发展如何?取得了什么成效?面临着什么困难?为了解我国专科护理门诊的发展现状,“中国护理管理”杂志社于2016年特别出资资助“护理专科门诊”科研课题,由北京朝阳医院牵头组建课题小组,对这一问题进行调研,现将有关科研成果介绍如下。

什么是护理专科门诊?

护理专科门诊(Nurse-Led Clinics,NLCs)作为一种高级护理实践模式,是以护士为主导的、在门诊开展的正式有组织的卫生保健服务提供形式,指导患者掌握专科疾病及慢性病居家自我护理技能,拓展从住院至门诊、院内至家庭的连续服务,以满足就诊患者及其家庭的健康服务需求。护理专科门诊护士能够胜任在特定的健康照护领域提供高级护理实践的要求,独立或与多领域的卫生服务团队成员合作以发挥作用。

调查范围

本研究依托《中国护理管理》杂志社各省、自治区、直辖市通联站统一发放调查问卷,原则上要求调研尽可能涵盖所辖范围内知名医院和医疗改革试点医院。课题组采用目的抽样法,以我国地理区域划分的七大地区为基础,分别选择华北地区自治区、直辖市3个(北京、天津、内蒙古),华东地区省、直辖市6个(上海、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东),华中地区省2个(河南、湖南),东北地区省3个(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江),西南地区省、直辖市2个(重庆、四川),西北地区省1个(陕西),华南地区省、自治区2个(广东、广西),共19个省、自治区、直辖市的部分三级医院进行调查。

目前,《中国护理管理》杂志社通联站已达31家,遍布全国31个省、自治区、直辖市,完全覆盖了本研究拟调查的19个省、自治区、直辖市,并与所在区域内的医院保持着良好的合作关系。

最终,课题组获得了581家医院的回复,其中有330家三级医院开设了护理专科门诊(共926个),包含综合医院272家,占82.4%;专科医院58家,占17.6%。从地区分布来看,浙江省已开设护理专科门诊医院的数量最多,为41家。各省区市开设护理专科门诊的医院数量见表1。


调查结果

1.有多少名护士在出门诊?都是什么人?

共有2701名护士在护理专科门诊工作,平均每家医院8.2名。具有本科及以上学历的护士有2193名,占81.2%;高级职称(副主任护师及以上)的护士有620名,占23.0%。取得卫生行政部门以及相关学术团体的专科认证是护理专科门诊岗位的上岗资质要求,分别占55.8%和55.2%。55.8%的医院采用直接任命的方式聘任护理专科门诊岗位。

在本次调查中,平均每个护理专科门诊有近3名出诊护士,人力资源相对充足。超过80%的护士具有本科及以上学历,近四分之一的护士有高级专业技术职称,出诊护士的“高学历”和“高职称”比例均高于全国护士的平均水平。

2.护理专科门诊,都包括哪些?

研究结果表明,护理专科门诊涉及多个学科领域,平均每家医院开设近3个护理门诊。总体而言,现阶段开设数量较多、发展较快的护理门诊按其服务内容可分为2类,一是以PICC护理、伤口/造口/失禁护理和腹膜透析护理为主的治疗处理类门诊,一是以糖尿病健康教育和围产期保健为主的健康咨询类门诊,这些门诊大多数可由护士独立出诊。其他类别门诊还包括流产后关爱门诊、骨科疾病护理门诊、慢性肾脏疾病护理门诊、营养护理门诊等。开设数量排名前5位的护理专科门诊的基本情况见表2。

表2 开设数量排名前5位的护理专科门诊的基本情况


3.护理专科门诊运营过程中,收费是最大难题!

在926个护理专科门诊中,仅60%左右的门诊服务收费,且主要集中在PICC护理这类以提供治疗护理为主的门诊范围内,糖尿病健康教育门诊、围产期保健护理门诊等收费比例不超过50%,护士基于专业知识和经验提供的咨询价值得不到充分体现。护理门诊现有的收费项目以诊疗费和挂号费为主,设立护理门诊咨询费的医院仅占一成,且大多数收费项目不在医疗保险支付范围内。护理专科门诊的收费问题一方面可能会产生投入越多、亏损越多局面,成为其运营过程中面临的最大困难;另一方面则无法体现出诊护士的价值,进而影响护士的积极性,不利于护理专科门诊的可持续发展。

结论

本研究共调查了全国19个省、自治区、直辖市330家三级医院关于护理专科门诊的建立与实践现状,结果发现护理专科门诊在部分经济发达地区和医改试点省市发展较快,PICC护理等专科门诊已形成一定的规模。我国护理专科门诊总体呈现良好的发展态势,建议相关部门应尽快制定相关配套政策,以促进我国护理专科门诊的可持续发展,从而发挥更大的经济和社会效益。

本文摘自《中国护理管理》2017年第10期;原文标题:《我国三级医院护理专科门诊建立与实践现状的调查分析》;作者:高凤莉、丁舒、黄静、董亮、王淑芹、吕扬、段洁盟、李婷婷、张立新、刘均娥;参考文献:略。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715319, encodeId=d9841e153193b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=235220e0106' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专科#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20701, encryptionId=235220e0106, topicName=专科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=894231925290, createdName=12498ebem29暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 20:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258246, encodeId=c9412582462a, content=护理专科门诊.新生事物., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Nov 03 06:43:02 CST 2017, time=2017-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258186, encodeId=9949258186f6, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a6831717982, createdName=微分, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 23:34:35 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258147, encodeId=a6ed25814eed, content=护理专科门诊.很好., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:54:24 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258146, encodeId=6d0025814690, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160810/IMG57AA03F28D2455934.jpg, createdBy=273d1933803, createdName=苦涩的咖啡, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:51:46 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-03 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    护理专科门诊.新生事物.

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715319, encodeId=d9841e153193b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=235220e0106' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专科#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20701, encryptionId=235220e0106, topicName=专科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=894231925290, createdName=12498ebem29暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 20:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258246, encodeId=c9412582462a, content=护理专科门诊.新生事物., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Nov 03 06:43:02 CST 2017, time=2017-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258186, encodeId=9949258186f6, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a6831717982, createdName=微分, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 23:34:35 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258147, encodeId=a6ed25814eed, content=护理专科门诊.很好., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:54:24 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258146, encodeId=6d0025814690, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160810/IMG57AA03F28D2455934.jpg, createdBy=273d1933803, createdName=苦涩的咖啡, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:51:46 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-02 微分

    学习了新知识

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715319, encodeId=d9841e153193b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=235220e0106' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专科#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20701, encryptionId=235220e0106, topicName=专科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=894231925290, createdName=12498ebem29暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 20:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258246, encodeId=c9412582462a, content=护理专科门诊.新生事物., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Nov 03 06:43:02 CST 2017, time=2017-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258186, encodeId=9949258186f6, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a6831717982, createdName=微分, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 23:34:35 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258147, encodeId=a6ed25814eed, content=护理专科门诊.很好., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:54:24 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258146, encodeId=6d0025814690, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160810/IMG57AA03F28D2455934.jpg, createdBy=273d1933803, createdName=苦涩的咖啡, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:51:46 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-02 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    护理专科门诊.很好.

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715319, encodeId=d9841e153193b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=235220e0106' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专科#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20701, encryptionId=235220e0106, topicName=专科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=894231925290, createdName=12498ebem29暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jul 17 20:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258246, encodeId=c9412582462a, content=护理专科门诊.新生事物., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Nov 03 06:43:02 CST 2017, time=2017-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258186, encodeId=9949258186f6, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a6831717982, createdName=微分, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 23:34:35 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258147, encodeId=a6ed25814eed, content=护理专科门诊.很好., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:54:24 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=258146, encodeId=6d0025814690, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160810/IMG57AA03F28D2455934.jpg, createdBy=273d1933803, createdName=苦涩的咖啡, createdTime=Thu Nov 02 21:51:46 CST 2017, time=2017-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-02 苦涩的咖啡

    学习

    0

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