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Kartogenin分子唤醒干细胞的软骨再生能力

2012-04-14 唐宾泽 生物探索

        一项新的研究发现,一种叫做kartogenin的小分子可使干细胞呈现成软骨细胞的特征。使用kartogenin对在膝盖处患有类风湿软骨损伤的小鼠进行治疗可使小鼠重获关节活动能力而无痛感。        长期以来科学家们都致力于寻找可再生软骨的方法,这是对抗骨关节炎的核心难题。这些研究成果为此提

        一项新的研究发现,一种叫做kartogenin的小分子可使干细胞呈现成软骨细胞的特征。使用kartogenin对在膝盖处患有类风湿软骨损伤的小鼠进行治疗可使小鼠重获关节活动能力而无痛感。

        长期以来科学家们都致力于寻找可再生软骨的方法,这是对抗骨关节炎的核心难题。这些研究成果为此提供了新的线索。

        间叶干细胞自然地存在于软骨中并产生用于形成结缔组织的细胞。新的方法对间叶干细胞的潜能进行深挖。由于受伤或者长期关节使用,一些人患上骨关节炎(一种最为常见的关节炎),因而其软骨修复能力变弱。Kartogenin唤醒这种干细胞并使其承担制造软骨的职责。这是软骨修复中必要的一个步骤。

        诺华研究基金会基因组研究所的分子生物学家Kristen Johnson 是这项研究的作者,她表示最理想的发展结果是,这种方法将成为一种以在受损处已经存在干细胞为靶标的本地交付疗法。

        Johnson和她的同事对软骨中22000种组分进行筛选,发现了可诱导干细胞呈现软骨细胞特性的kartogenin。该分子启动基因制造被称为蛋白聚糖和胶原蛋白的组分。对带有类似骨关节炎的软骨损伤的小鼠进行的试验表明,注射kartogenin可降低一种叫做软骨低聚基质蛋白的蛋白质含量。这种蛋白质在患有骨关节炎的人体内含量过高,被认为是衡量疾病严重性的一个标志。Kartogenin还使得具有膝盖损伤的小鼠在42天内重新获得关节承重能力。

        实验室研究揭示,kartogenin可抑制存在于间叶干细胞中的细丝蛋白A。这就解除了其他组分所受的抑制,这些组分对各基因活性有序安排,从而使干细胞变为功能性的软骨细胞。Johnson说,在这个过程中,kartogenin表现出保护和修复软骨的功能。

        许多人在年老时会发生骨关节炎。软骨在骨架中发挥着吸收冲力的作用,不过外科手术清除受损软骨的成功率有限,通过手术方式在失去自然软骨帽的骨末端诱导纤维状外衣的形成成功率同样不高。这就造成骨与骨之间的摩擦,炎症以及疼痛。

        随着人年纪的增长,磨损造成软骨失衡。在机体中再造软骨生成程序已经成为整形外科医学的一个主要目标。而这项新的研究显然对于该目标的实现具有重大的启示意义。
 
 

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    2012-04-15 zhaojie88
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    2012-04-15 lsj630
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