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Hypertension:肠道微生物产生的化合物会损伤动脉,进而增加患心脏病的风险

2020-07-06 Lauren 转化医学网

肠道微生物对人体健康的影响是近年来研究的热门领域之一,大量的研究表明肠道微生物对于机体健康具有重要的作用。近日《高血压》杂志上发表了一篇文章,证实了肠道中产生的化合物会损伤动脉,进而增加患心脏病的风险

肠道微生物对人体健康的影响是近年来研究的热门领域之一,大量的研究表明肠道微生物对于机体健康具有重要的作用。近日《高血压》杂志上发表了一篇文章,证实了肠道中产生的化合物会损伤动脉,进而增加患心脏病的风险。

最近,美国新科罗拉多大学博尔德分校(new University of Colorado Boulder)的一项研究表明,当我们吃红肉的时候,肠道中产生的一种化合物氧化三甲胺会损伤人体的动脉,并可能在人们变老过程中增加心脏病分险方面起着关键作用。

这项在6月10日发表在美国心脏病协会期刊《高血压》(Hypertension)上的研究还表明,通过改变饮食和新的营养补充剂等靶向治疗,人们可能能够预防甚至逆转这种与年龄相关的血管老化。

氧化三甲胺会损伤人体的动脉

综合生理学系的博士后研究员、该研究的第一作者维也纳·布伦特(Vienna Brunt)表示,“我们的研究首次表明,这种化合物不仅直接损害动脉功能,还可能有助于解释随着年龄增长自然发生的心血管系统的老化。”

吃一大块牛排或一盘炒鸡蛋,你体内的肠道细菌会立刻将其分解。当肠道细菌代谢氨基酸L-肉碱和胆碱时,会产生一种称为三甲胺的代谢副产品,肝脏会将其转化为三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO),也称氧化三甲胺,并在血液中循环。

图解摘要

早期的研究已经表明,血液中氧化三甲胺含量较高的人患心脏病或中风的几率是其他人的两倍多,而且往往会更早死亡。

但是到目前为止,研究人员还没有完全了解这一原因。

通过在动物和人体中的实验,布伦特和她的研究团队着手回答三个问题:TMAO是否会损害我们的血管系统?如果是,怎么办?这是为什么随着年龄的增长,即使是那些锻炼身体、不抽烟的人,心血管健康状况也会恶化的原因之一?

研究人员对101名老年人和22名年轻人的血液和动脉健康状况进行了测量,发现氧化三甲胺水平随着年龄的增长显着升高。这与之前在老鼠身上进行的一项研究一致,之前的研究研显示,随着年龄的增长,人体的肠道微生物群落,或肠道细菌的集合会发生变化,从而产生更多有助于产生氧化三甲胺的细菌。

这项新研究发现,血液中氧化三甲胺含量较高的成年人,其动脉功能明显恶化,血管内壁出现氧化应激或组织损伤的迹象更明显。

当研究人员直接给幼鼠喂食氧化三甲胺时,它们的血管迅速老化。布伦特指出,12个月大的老鼠(相当于35岁的人类)在吃了几个月氧化三甲胺后,看起来更像27个月大的老鼠(人类80岁)。

氧化三甲胺可能与认知能力下降有关

初步数据还显示,氧化三甲胺水平较高的小鼠学习和记忆能力下降,这表明氧化三甲胺可能在与年龄相关的认知能力下降中也发挥了作用。

另一方面,年老的老鼠吃了一种叫做二甲基丁醇的化合物(橄榄油、醋和红酒中含有微量丁醇),它们的血管功能障碍得到了逆转。科学家认为这种化合物可以阻止氧化三甲胺的产生。

食用大量动物产品,可能会产生负面影响

布伦特指出,每个人,甚至是年轻的素食者,都会生产一些氧化三甲胺。但随着时间的推移,食用大量动物产品可能会产生负面影响。吃的红肉越多,喂养的这些细菌就越多。

衰老综合生理学实验室(Integrative Physiology of Aging Laboratory)主任、资深作者道格·西尔斯(Doug Seals)表示,这项研究是一项重要的突破,因为它阐明了为什么我们的动脉会随着年龄的增长而侵蚀,即使是最健康的人也是如此。

西尔斯表示,“衰老是心血管疾病的唯一最大风险因素,主要是由于氧化应激对我们的动脉造成的损害。但随着年龄的增长,是什么导致我们的动脉中出现氧化应激呢?这一直是一个巨大的未知数。这项研究确定了氧化三甲胺可能是一个非常重要的驱动因素。”

该研究小组目前正在进一步探索可能阻止氧化三甲胺产生的化合物,以防止与年龄有关的血管衰退。

现在,考虑不吃牛排,而是烤一些豆腐,因为植物性饮食也可以降低氧化三甲胺的含量。

原始出处:Vienna E. Brunt, Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan, Abigail G. Casso, et al. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Age-Related Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice and Healthy Humans. Hypertension. 10 Jun 2020

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    2020-09-28 feather89
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    2020-12-04 wjcjjian
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    2020-07-07 小惠

    学习

    0

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CELL:肠道微生物组变异影响霍乱感染的易感性和抵抗力 

肠道微生物组是指胃肠道的常驻微生物群落。这个群落是高度多样化的,但我们对于微生物的多样性如何赋予肠道病原体的抵抗力或敏感性却知之甚少。

Nature:肠道细菌产生神经递质左右大脑决策

肠道细菌产生的一种神经递质模拟了同源宿主分子的功能,以推翻宿主对感觉决定的控制,从而促进宿主和微生物的共存。

Nature Cancer:结直肠癌的发病与肠道微生物密不可分

到目前为止,结直肠癌的具体病因还尚未明确。临床医生们普遍认为结直肠癌是由环境、饮食习惯、遗传等多种因素协同作用的结果。但最近比利时的研究人员有了新发现,证明了结直肠癌的发病与肠道上皮细胞中的一种Zeb

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