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Nat Chem:蛋白质“分子笼”或助疫苗生产

2014-11-28 王英 生物通

最近,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的生物化学家制备了有史以来最大的蛋白质,自组装成一种“分子笼”结构。这项研究可能会促进合成疫苗的生产,保护人们远离流感、艾滋和其他疾病。 这个蛋白质的尺寸比人体细胞小好几百倍,但它仍然可能促进开发新的方法,在细胞内传递药物,或者产生新的纳米材料。 这种组装的蛋白质,它的形状就像一个立方体一样,根据UCLA化学和生物化学教授Todd 

最近,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的生物化学家制备了有史以来最大的蛋白质,自组装成一种“分子笼”结构。这项研究可能会促进合成疫苗的生产,保护人们远离流感、艾滋和其他疾病。

这个蛋白质的尺寸比人体细胞小好几百倍,但它仍然可能促进开发新的方法,在细胞内传递药物,或者产生新的纳米材料。

这种组装的蛋白质,它的形状就像一个立方体一样,根据UCLA化学和生物化学教授Todd Yeates实验室设计的一个蛋白的24个副本而构建。这种蛋白质是多孔的,比以往已经创建的任何其他组装蛋白质都大,具有大的开口,能够允许其他的大蛋白质分子能够自由进出。这项研究最近发表在《自然化学》杂志(Nature Chemistry)。

本文资深作者Yeates,自从2001年第一次发表自组装蛋白质的研究以来,一直都在尝试构建复杂的、能自组装的蛋白质结构。在2012年,他和他的同事们制备了一种能够自我组装的分子笼,由12种蛋白质构成,这12种蛋白质就像拼图一样完美地结合在一起。

现在他们已经能够用24个蛋白分子来组装这种结构,目前,他们正视图设计一种含有60个蛋白分子的分子笼。总的来说,构建每一个更大的蛋白质,都提出了新的科学挑战。但是,更大尺寸的蛋白结构,也有更大的潜力携带更多的“货物”。

Yeates的研究是由美国国家科学基金和UCLA-DOE基因组和蛋白质组学研究所资助支持。第一作者Yen-Ting Lai,当其还是Yeates实验室一名研究生的时候完成了这些研究,现在他是亚利桑那州立大学的博士后。

Yeates同时也是UCLA基因组和蛋白质组学能源研究部和California NanoSystems研究所成员,他解释说,原则上,这些分子结构应该能够装载货物,然后将这些货物释放到细胞内部。

但是,这种分子立方体可能渗透性太强,因此不能作为一种药物容器,例如在人体内。Yeates说:“但是,制作一个更具封闭性的笼子,其设计原理与我们的研究是一样的。”他也补充说,有某些方法可以让这种笼子的稳定性减小,当它进入细胞的时候,它就会释放其货物分子,比如能杀死癌细胞的毒素。

Yeates表示,他实验室的方法也可能促进合成疫苗的生产,这些疫苗将能够模拟细胞应答于病毒感染时的情形。这种疫苗会引起来自人体免疫系统的一种强烈应答,可能比传统疫苗能够提供更好的疾病防护。

目前,Yeates已经与美国国立卫生研究院结构生物学部门主任、疾病病毒结构生物学国家副主任Peter Kwong合作开展了一项研究。他们将开展一项研究,试图将病毒抗原结合到分子笼上。

原始出处:

Lai YT1, Reading E2, Hura GL3, Tsai KL4, Laganowsky A2, Asturias FJ4, Tainer JA5, Robinson CV2, Yeates TO6.Structure of a designed protein cage that self-assembles into a highly porous cube.Nat Chem. 2014 Dec;6(12):1065-71. doi: 10.1038/nchem.2107. Epub 2014 Nov 10.

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