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Haematol:抗PD-1或抗PD-L1诱发血液系统不良事件罕见

2019-03-04 贾朝娟 环球医学

抗程序性细胞死亡1(PD-1)和抗程序性细胞死亡配体1(PD-L1)抗体为冉冉升起的抗癌药新星,但对其不良事件(irAE)研究甚少。2019年1月,发表在《Haematol》的一项研究,对抗PD-1或抗PD-L1诱导的血液irAE(haem-irAE)进行了全面的描述。

抗程序性细胞死亡1(PD-1)和抗程序性细胞死亡配体1(PD-L1)抗体为冉冉升起的抗癌药新星,但对其不良事件(irAE)研究甚少。2019年1月,发表在《Haematol》的一项研究,对抗PD-1或抗PD-L1诱导的血液irAE(haem-irAE)进行了全面的描述。

背景:抗程序性细胞死亡1(PD-1)和抗程序性细胞死亡配体1(PD-L1)抗体是癌症的新型免疫治疗药物,可诱导免疫相关的不良事件(irAE)。这些不良事件可累及所有器官,包括血液系统。目前为止,血液irAE(haem-irAE)还未很好的进行过描述。本研究旨在提供抗PD-1或抗PD-L1诱导的haem-irAE的全面的报道。

方法:在该项描述性观察性研究中,研究者纳入了至少18岁且由抗PD-1或抗PD-L1免疫治疗诱导了2级或以上的haem-irAE的连续患者,这些患者在3个法国药物监测数据库注册:Registre des Effets Indésirables Sévères des Anticorps Monoclonaux Immunomodulateurs en Cancérologie(REISAMIC;在单中心接受抗PD-1或抗PD-L1治疗的前瞻性注册的患者)、ImmunoTOX committee of Gustave Roussy(接受免疫治疗疑似irAE患者国家转诊数据库)、registry of the Centre de Référence des Cytopénies Auto-Immunes de l'Adulte(CeReCAI;自身免疫性细胞减少症国家数据库)。中央委员会审核病例,不良事件分为与抗PD-1或抗PD-L1治疗确定或可能相关,根据不良事件常见术语标准4.03版评估严重程度。首要终点为所有数据库中临床描述的haem-irAE,及在前瞻性REISAMIC中报道的频率。

结果:研究者筛查了3个数据库中2014年6月27日~2018年6月29日的948名患者(REISAMIC数据库745人,ImmunoTOX committee数据库190人,CeReCAI数据库13人)。具有与抗PD-1或抗PD-L1相关的haem-irAE的35名患者(男21人,女14人)纳入到研究中。REISAMIC登记数据中的745名接受抗-PD-1或抗-PD-L1治疗的患者,4名发生haem-irAE。

35名患者的中位年龄为65岁(IQR,51~75),最常见的肿瘤类型为黑色素瘤(15人(43%))、非小细胞肺癌(12(34%))、淋巴瘤(4(11%))。20人(57%)接受了纳武利尤单抗,14人(40%)接受了帕博利珠单抗,1人(3%)接受了阿托唑单抗。

35名患者中,中性粒细胞减少症、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症为最常见的haem-irAE类型(每个都为9人(26%)),其次是全血细胞减少或再生障碍性贫血(5(14%))、双核细胞减少(1人为血小板减少伴贫血,1人为中性粒细胞减少症伴贫血(6%))、纯红细胞再生障碍(1(3%))。不良反应的最高级别为2级,共3人(9%);5人3级(14%),25人4级(71%)。与抗PD-1相关的haem-irAE期间,2人(6%)死于发热性中性粒细胞减少症。21/35人(60%)haem-irAE缓解。

结论:PD-1或PD-L1抑制剂诱发的haem-irAE,为罕见但潜在危及生命的事件。最常见的临床表现为中性粒细胞减少症、自体免疫性溶血性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症和再生障碍性贫血。需要进一步进行研究,以便早期检测和更好管理

原始出处:

Delanoy N, Michot JM, Comont T, et al. Haematological immune-related adverse events induced by anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: a descriptive observational study. Lancet Haematol. 2019 Jan;6(1):e48-e57. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30175-3.

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    2019-10-19 changfy
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    2019-03-06 smartjoy
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    2019-03-06 fengyi812
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    2019-03-06 syscxl

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