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中国科学家利用 3D 打印技术为小耳症儿童培育新耳朵

2018-02-01 佚名 天工社

中国科学家们利用 3D 打印技术为五名先天性耳朵缺陷(成为“小耳症”)的孩子培育出新的耳朵。软骨细胞取自儿童耳朵,用于培育新的耳状软骨。

中国科学家们利用 3D 打印技术为五名先天性耳朵缺陷(成为“小耳症”)的孩子培育出新的耳朵。软骨细胞取自儿童耳朵,用于培育新的耳状软骨。

每 5000 个活产儿中就有一个患有小耳症,这是一种先天性畸形,耳廓 (外耳) 发育不全,甚至完全缺失。它在西班牙裔、亚裔、美洲原住民和安第斯人群中更为普遍,并可能导致听力障碍。解决小耳畸形可能会很棘手。患者的选择包括重建手术,其可涉及如下的方法:例如采取患者的肋骨软骨来创造新耳朵,用塑料雕刻人造耳朵,或者简单地将耳朵保持原样。

中国的一项新研究正在做一些不同的事情。在此前在该领域的研究的基础上,一组科学家对年龄在 6 岁至 9 岁之间的 5 名小耳畸形患者进行了研究,利用 CT 扫描和 3D 打印技术,构建了一种可生物降解的支架,与每个患者健康耳朵的 3D 结构完美匹配。

使用 Z Corporation Spectrum Z510 3D 打印机 3D 打印每个病人耳朵的复制品来制造支架,然后用粘土和硅树脂将 3D 打印的耳模铸造成一套负压模,在这些模具中可以塑造生物材料支架。支架采用 PCL 网格作为内部核心,用 PGA 无纺布包裹并涂上 PLA。内部核心由 3D 打印的网格组成。

然后这些支架由每个患者的活细胞填充。将软骨细胞从每个患者的小耳软骨中取出,并将这些细胞接种到支架上培养三个月。在这段时间之后,一旦每个患者的特定耳朵形状产生软骨框架,将实验室培育的耳朵植入到五名患者身上。

令人惊讶的是,这个过程大部分是成功的。对这些年轻患者进行了不同时间的监测,最长的随访时间为两年半,其中四名患者在新耳植入后 6 个月时显现出清晰的软骨形成。其中三名患者的新耳朵与健康的耳朵大小和形状匹配。

这个实验也存在些问题。两名患者的新耳朵在手术后表现出轻微的变形,科学家的研究有许多局限性:培养细胞仍然是一个危险的策略,因为细胞可以以不可预知的方式分裂,而使用儿童自己的软骨细胞本身也会出现问题,因为他们的耳朵异常和潜在的病变。包括手术在内的多个阶段,该过程花费也十分昂贵。

随着时间的推移,科学家们将对这些患者进行为期 5 年的随访。科学家们说:“我们能够成功地设计、制造和再生患者特有的外耳。尽管如此,仍然需要进一步的努力,最终将这一原型工作转化为常规的临床实践。”

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