Baidu
map

兼职兼薪,释放科研人员潜能

2017-01-10 中国科学报 中国科学报

前不久,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于实行以增加知识价值为导向分配政策的若干意见》(以下简称《意见》)中首提 “允许科研人员和教师依法依规适度兼职兼薪,包括允许科研人员从事兼职工作获得合法收入和允许高校教师从事多点教学获得合法收入。”对此科研人员有哪些切身体会?兼职兼薪又应当遵守什么原则?兼职兼薪比横向课题范围更广众所周知,我国科研院所和高校近年来都在鼓励科研人员通过申请横向课题的方

前不久,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于实行以增加知识价值为导向分配政策的若干意见》(以下简称《意见》)中首提 “允许科研人员和教师依法依规适度兼职兼薪,包括允许科研人员从事兼职工作获得合法收入和允许高校教师从事多点教学获得合法收入。”


对此科研人员有哪些切身体会?兼职兼薪又应当遵守什么原则?

兼职兼薪比横向课题范围更广

众所周知,我国科研院所和高校近年来都在鼓励科研人员通过申请横向课题的方式参与到成果转移转化、服务经济社会发展中去。横向课题制度一方面可以调动广大科技人员积极性、主动性和创造性,另一方面也对满足企业和社会需求有积极作用。

不过,在中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院副研究员杨国梁看来,此次《意见》提出的兼职兼薪与横向课题制度在范畴和意义上都是有区别的。“薪酬与课题的劳务所得应当属于不同范畴。比如英国和德国,大学教师都是领取固定工资的,工资实行时薪制,根据不同的职称时薪不同,定岗定薪。而承担的课题不管是横向的还是纵向的都实行统一管理,科研人员,尤其是有工资收入的科研人员(不包括临时聘用人员和博士后)不能从课题里支出劳务费,所以科研人员的收入基本是岗位的薪酬所得。就我国的情况来说,横向课题和纵向课题有所不同,以前纵向课题是不能给自己发绩效的,近年来这个规定有了一定松动,比如自然科学基金委的课题分为直接经费和间接经费,但也是由单位层面发放绩效,而非直接从课题中提取报酬支付给有工资收入的科研人员。而很多科研机构和高校在横向经费的管理上都可以直接从中提取个人收入。”

中国科学院大学人文学院副教授李斌认为,很多大学对教师的考评有课题的要求,横向课题自然也属于考评的范围,如果纵向经费不足,横向的也可以做一些补充,而兼职兼薪的力度和范围要比横向课题大得多。“兼职兼薪应当是一种非常宽松的制度,其出发点也是解决企业研究力量不足的问题,聘请学有专长的技术人员帮企业攻克技术难关,科研人员以薪水的形式获取报酬。相比于横向课题,兼职兼薪的范围更广,也更稳定。”

激发活力 促进创新

杨国梁认为,在国家大力营造 “双创” 氛围的背景下,《意见》的出台对小微企业,尤其是科技类小微企业来说无疑具有积极影响。

“我国大型国企很多都有自己的研究队伍和成熟的研究力量。以国家电网为例,其下属的能源研究院、电力研究院的科研人员数万人,这些科研人员与企业的生产实际结合得比较紧密,当然他们也会有一定的课题委托给高校和科研院所,但更偏向于应用导向的基础研究,而直接与实践结合比较紧密的研究,这些大企业更倾向于用自己内部的研究团队,后者可能更了解技术背景和实际需求。”

而对中小企业来说,要全职雇佣一个教授级别的专家是非常难的,除了成本问题,在中小企业眼中,不管是高校教师还是科研院所的科研人员,他们最大的价值是他们所处的位置可以带来行业内最前沿的知识和信息,他们身后站着一个庞大的科研人脉群体。

很多中小企业主表示,如果可以兼职兼薪,就意味着他们能以较低的成本聘请到优秀的专家。
“以前,有一定技术的科研人员和高校教师具备一定的转化能力,但因为成果转化法律法规的完善程度、高校的实际管理体制、职称的评定等等条件的制约,某种程度上影响了他们知识、技术、成果的市场化,这次《意见》的利好政策,对有志于把自己的技能、技术推向市场的科研人员是一个很好的机会和政策导向。” 杨国梁说。

协调好兼职兼薪与本职工作的关系

《意见》明确,科研人员和高校教师的兼职不得影响本职工作,切忌本职工作和兼职工作主次颠倒、本末倒置,防止适度兼职变成过度兼职,不得损害原单位利益,泄露原单位秘密。

“协调兼职兼薪与本职工作的原则之一就是科研人员在外兼职兼薪不能影响到他们在本单位的科研和教学,不能因为兼职兼薪而对科研人员在原单位的考核标准下降。完成考核之后的兼职兼薪还是应当持鼓励的态度。” 李斌说。

“要协调好兼职兼薪与本职工作之间的关系,如果无法兼顾就背离了这个政策的初衷。这一点也可以借鉴国外多年形成的经验,国外科研机构和高校按照时薪支付科研人员的薪水,比如法定每天工作 8 个小时,如果你在一个科研机构每天服务 4 个小时,那么可以拿半薪;在另一个机构服务 4 个小时,就在该机构拿半薪,加一起相当于还是工作了 8 个小时。因为人的时间和精力是有限的,履行 10 个岗位职责拿 10 份薪水是不现实的。” 杨国梁说。

杨国梁认为,在协调兼职兼薪与本职工作方面,大的原则还是要改变高校和科研院所的管理、评价体系。

“以前我们对论文、课题的重视程度很高,以后可能逐渐地在评价体系中要加入实际贡献的比重,实际贡献是包括多个维度的,比如论文、成果转化、满足国家需求和服务等等。对每个具体的单位和科研人员来说,由于擅长的领域不同,评价体系也应当多元。在实际贡献上应当从单一的论文导向扩展到多元导向,然后在多元导向中充分发挥每个人的特长,每个人的工作都能在多元导向的评价体系中得到认可,这就能充分激发每个人的积极性,发挥每个人的潜能。” 杨国梁表示。 

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746043, encodeId=0cf51e46043a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ce1e50024b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75002, encryptionId=6ce1e50024b, topicName=科研人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064535650230, createdName=zhangj7120, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181295, encodeId=e45e18129587, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 20 05:57:33 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=172356, encodeId=2a3f1e23562a, content=学习了,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 24 12:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169883, encodeId=83ce16988399, content=学习了感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d32a1717978, createdName=1debbfffm06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 18:56:25 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576993, encodeId=80a615e6993c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48630282e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#兼职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30282, encryptionId=f48630282e9, topicName=兼职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=773416357398, createdName=yanjie6253_56072847, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746043, encodeId=0cf51e46043a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ce1e50024b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75002, encryptionId=6ce1e50024b, topicName=科研人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064535650230, createdName=zhangj7120, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181295, encodeId=e45e18129587, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 20 05:57:33 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=172356, encodeId=2a3f1e23562a, content=学习了,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 24 12:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169883, encodeId=83ce16988399, content=学习了感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d32a1717978, createdName=1debbfffm06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 18:56:25 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576993, encodeId=80a615e6993c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48630282e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#兼职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30282, encryptionId=f48630282e9, topicName=兼职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=773416357398, createdName=yanjie6253_56072847, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-20 1e13876fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了谢谢。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746043, encodeId=0cf51e46043a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ce1e50024b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75002, encryptionId=6ce1e50024b, topicName=科研人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064535650230, createdName=zhangj7120, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181295, encodeId=e45e18129587, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 20 05:57:33 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=172356, encodeId=2a3f1e23562a, content=学习了,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 24 12:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169883, encodeId=83ce16988399, content=学习了感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d32a1717978, createdName=1debbfffm06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 18:56:25 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576993, encodeId=80a615e6993c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48630282e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#兼职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30282, encryptionId=f48630282e9, topicName=兼职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=773416357398, createdName=yanjie6253_56072847, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-24 1e13876fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746043, encodeId=0cf51e46043a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ce1e50024b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75002, encryptionId=6ce1e50024b, topicName=科研人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064535650230, createdName=zhangj7120, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181295, encodeId=e45e18129587, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 20 05:57:33 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=172356, encodeId=2a3f1e23562a, content=学习了,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 24 12:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169883, encodeId=83ce16988399, content=学习了感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d32a1717978, createdName=1debbfffm06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 18:56:25 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576993, encodeId=80a615e6993c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48630282e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#兼职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30282, encryptionId=f48630282e9, topicName=兼职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=773416357398, createdName=yanjie6253_56072847, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-12 1debbfffm06(暂无匿称)

    学习了感谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1746043, encodeId=0cf51e46043a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ce1e50024b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科研人员#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75002, encryptionId=6ce1e50024b, topicName=科研人员)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=064535650230, createdName=zhangj7120, createdTime=Sat Jul 22 13:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=181295, encodeId=e45e18129587, content=学习了谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Mar 20 05:57:33 CST 2017, time=2017-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=172356, encodeId=2a3f1e23562a, content=学习了,谢谢。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d5b1961515, createdName=1e13876fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jan 24 12:31:47 CST 2017, time=2017-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169883, encodeId=83ce16988399, content=学习了感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d32a1717978, createdName=1debbfffm06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 18:56:25 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576993, encodeId=80a615e6993c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f48630282e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#兼职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30282, encryptionId=f48630282e9, topicName=兼职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=773416357398, createdName=yanjie6253_56072847, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 06:10:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map