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肿瘤竟致精神异常?复旦大学中山医院多学科协作救治少女

2017-02-22 黄辛 科学网

来自温州的花季少女小希自去年底忽然胡言乱语起来,且行为异常,都以为是精神出了状况,女孩甚至陷入昏迷,生命垂危。幸运的是,正在小希病情危重之际,复旦大学附属中山医院神经内科联合多学科,及时找出“罪魁祸首”,对症施治,挽救了小希的生命。患者于2月20日康复出院。

来自温州的花季少女小希自去年底忽然胡言乱语起来,且行为异常,都以为是精神出了状况,女孩甚至陷入昏迷,生命垂危。幸运的是,正在小希病情危重之际,复旦大学附属中山医院神经内科联合多学科,及时找出“罪魁祸首”,对症施治,挽救了小希的生命。患者于2月20日康复出院。

小希去年12月突发“精神异常”,同时还伴有发作性意识不清及肢体抽搐,当地医院诊断为精神疾病将其收入精神卫生科,可是治疗后病情一直没有得到控制。2017年1月3日,家属抱着一线希望,从温州赶到上海,来到复旦大学附属中山医院神经内科就诊。

经过详细问诊,医生得知小希来到上海就诊前一个月,开始呕吐、头痛,头痛比较剧烈,短短几天后小希甚至上班都会走错工作地点,还发生了突然晕倒于地,四肢抽搐的症状,甚至后来出现精神行为混乱,大小便也无法控制。根据她的病情和各项检查报告,初步诊断为“自身免疫性脑炎,继发性癫痫”。

由于小希的病情已经相当危重,人已处于昏迷状态,四肢抽搐频繁发作,立即就被收入神经内科重症监护室。

小希到底是不是自身免疫性脑炎导致的继发性癫痫呢?入院后,神经内科诊疗团队经过详细的病史询问及完善神经系统查体,并结合相关检查,肯定了初步的诊断。为明确诊断,诊疗团队及时为患者进行脑脊液检测,检测结果显示患者脑脊液中自身免疫性脑炎的一种抗体异常增高,说明小希得的是抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎(抗NMDAR脑炎),通过针对性的免疫抑制治疗以及抗癫痫治疗,小希的症状有所缓解。

但诊疗团队并没有松口气,因为还有一个更大的谜团尚未解开——为何患者会有此类抗体的增高导致神经系统的症状?为明确病因,医生为其小希进行了盆腔的影像学检查,发现其右侧卵巢存在囊性病变。经过放射科会诊,此囊性病变影像学明确诊断为“卵巢畸胎瘤”。原来,导致小希一系列“错乱”的罪魁祸首就是“畸胎瘤”。只有去除病因,才能真正挽救患者。畸胎瘤是卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤中常见的一种,来源于生殖细胞,分为成熟畸胎瘤(即良性畸胎瘤)和未成熟性畸胎瘤(恶性畸胎瘤)。也就是说小希还在母腹的时候,就不幸埋下了“祸根”。早期畸胎瘤多无明显临床症状,大多是体检时偶然发现。

要彻底治好小希的病,必须切除卵巢畸胎瘤。但是患者当时病情危重,手术风险极大。神经内科,妇产科、外科监护室与麻醉科的专家们和相关医护人员进行了多学科的会诊讨论,对于患者的手术风险、麻醉风险、癫痫控制等方面进行了全面的评估,力争将患者的手术风险降到最低。

在多学科团队的共同努力下,患者于1月18日在全麻下进行了腹腔镜下右侧卵巢输卵管切除术,术后入外科监护室监护,待生命体征平稳后返回神经内科监护室继续治疗。手术后病理显示:右侧卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤,部分区域见成熟脑组织。术后,患者病情逐渐好转,神志恢复正常,癫痫得到完全控制,生活能够自理,能与医生护士进行正常的交流,再也没有出现过精神异常,花季少女的脸上重新绽放了笑颜。

据复旦大学附属中山医院党委书记、神经内科主任汪昕教授介绍,癫痫发作具有多种类型,此患者以精神行为异常为突出表现,发作形式除了常见的强直阵挛发作外,还有比较特异性的口-下颌的不自主动作,如不仔细判断病情,极易误诊漏诊。即使诊断癫痫后,还必须排查病因,进行病因学治疗,才能更好控制癫痫发作、降低相关脑损伤。患者得的抗NMDAR脑炎十分特殊,是近十年才明确的一种新型的自身免疫性脑炎,目前唯一与这种脑炎的发生明确相关的肿瘤就是卵巢畸胎瘤。

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    2017-02-24 saikp
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    2017-02-23 飛歌

    之前我们也遇到过这种,不过是慢性脑出血

    0

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    2017-02-22 青龙偃月

    学习了赞一个

    0

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