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Science:这**是第一次!科学家“治愈”猴子的艾滋病

2016-10-18 佚名 奇点原创文章

导语:“非常有趣啊!”“太神奇了简直不敢相信是真的!”这些都是研究人员们对一个新的“艾滋病疗法”的第一反应。不过谁都没想到,这个新疗法只是在传统标准疗法的基础上,再加上治疗肠道炎症的一种药物Vedolizumab,就这样竟然神奇地“治愈”了恒河猴的艾滋病,甚至停药9个月之后在恒河猴体内也几乎检测不到猴子的「艾滋」病毒!但是这里的“治愈”可不是完全消灭艾滋病病毒,而是指患者体内的病毒被完全抑制,机体

导语:“非常有趣啊!”“太神奇了简直不敢相信是真的!”这些都是研究人员们对一个新的“艾滋病疗法”的第一反应。不过谁都没想到,这个新疗法只是在传统标准疗法的基础上,再加上治疗肠道炎症的一种药物Vedolizumab,就这样竟然神奇地“治愈”了恒河猴的艾滋病,甚至停药9个月之后在恒河猴体内也几乎检测不到猴子的「艾滋」病毒!

但是这里的“治愈”可不是完全消灭艾滋病病毒,而是指患者体内的病毒被完全抑制,机体免疫功能正常,即便不接受治疗,用常规方法也难以在血液中检测出病毒。这也是研究人员们一直在研究的“功能性治愈”,毕竟目前还没有能够完全消灭艾滋病病毒的方法。目前在临床上最常见的治疗方法就是服用抗逆转录病毒药物(ARV),但是这种药物需要终身服用,一旦停药,没有了药物压制,体内的病毒会迅速反弹。除此之外,长期服药带来的慢性炎症、乳酸中毒、肝功能损伤等不良反应也是不可避免的。

这也是为什么研究人员们一直试图开发一种损伤更小、疗效更持久的治疗方法,如果能让患者摆脱“终身制”,这在艾滋病的治疗史上将会是历史性的一个进步。所以,这个刊登在《科学》杂志上的研究成果才会让研究人员们如此激动。[1]

这个立下“汗马功劳”的抗体是“α4β7”抗体,将它改良之后就是我们所说的抗体药物——Vedolizumab,它是用来治疗一种难治的肠道炎症性疾病(克罗恩病)的。在这种疾病中,肠道中的CD4细胞扮演着十分重要的角色,而巧合的是,艾滋病病毒的主要攻击目标也是CD4细胞。可能正是这个原因,研究人员才得到了利用“α4β7”抗体来辅助治疗艾滋病的灵感。

在感染的时候,病毒会“躲在”肠道中,“劫持”进入肠道的CD4细胞成为“宿主”,进行复制,然后随着它们扩散到身体各处,制造大面积的慢性感染。所以,艾滋病患者的CD4细胞的数量会大量减少。参与研究的德国哥廷根灵长类动物研究中心的首席研究员Lutz Walter认为,“α4β7”抗体能够阻止CD4细胞进入肠粘膜,从而避免了病毒对它们进行“劫持”。

免疫缺陷病毒不只人会得,猴也可以,在猴的体内,它们叫做猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)。这次的实验对象就是感染了SIV的恒河猴,在感染病毒5周之后,小猴们开始服用治疗中常用的抗逆转录病毒药物,从第9周开始,同时接受“α4β7”抗体的注射。到第18周,停止服用抗逆转录病毒药物,只继续接受抗体注射,一直到第32周,抗体注射也结束了,小猴们的治疗到此就告一个段落了。



与这些接受联合治疗的恒河猴相对照的是使用传统方法,只服用同等剂量抗逆转录病毒药物的小猴。同样在32周停药之后,不出所料的,对照组恒河猴体内的病毒迅速反弹。而实验组的小猴们体内的SIV病毒则一直保持在低水平状态,免疫系统中的CD4细胞也恢复到正常数量,在治疗结束后的两年中,小猴们始终保持着低病毒量、免疫系统正常的健康状态。


感染HIV病毒的恒河猴的扫描图
左图为感染HIV病毒的恒河猴的扫描图,右为接受“α4β7”抗体治疗后的

实验的成功是让人欣喜的,研究人员们也迅速开始在人类患者身上进行“Vedolizumab+抗逆转录病毒药物”的初步临床试验(NCT02788175),实验共包括15名患者。对于这个成果,凯斯西储大学的免疫学家Rafick-Pierre Sékaly认为,这将为艾滋病治疗的研究提供新的方向,也将引发许多类似的研究。

但有肯定的同时也有质疑的声音,一些研究人员认为,Walter团队对感染SIV病毒的恒河猴的治疗开始得过早,毕竟很少有艾滋病患者能在患病第5周就接受治疗,以及SIV的“威力”可能会比HIV弱,这些都可能让他们的研究功亏一篑。对此,Walter研究员信心满满,“我们有足够的理由相信,它们在人类中也能起到同样的作用,我认为这将会是一个‘突破性’的未来疗法”。

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    2016-10-27 studylzc

    拭目以待将来。

    0

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    2016-10-20 LhtFantasy

    哇。这可靠吗?

    0

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    2016-10-20 jichang
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764859, encodeId=eacf1e6485992, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a8f68226b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猴子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68226, encryptionId=0a8f68226b7, topicName=猴子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=735537811831, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Thu Sep 14 11:58:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151458, encodeId=4e8615145865, content=拭目以待将来。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 08:52:17 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149867, encodeId=92e014986eb0, content=哇。这可靠吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/25/7d591af3f5a10c3198529be94f1ae8f6.jpg, createdBy=59b11629228, createdName=LhtFantasy, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 08:10:22 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375350, encodeId=9d7313e535044, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 01:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149795, encodeId=0887149e95ee, content=功能性治愈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 22:44:23 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149504, encodeId=ef5914950493, content=太意外,太惊喜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 15:58:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-19 187清风

    功能性治愈

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764859, encodeId=eacf1e6485992, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a8f68226b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#猴子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68226, encryptionId=0a8f68226b7, topicName=猴子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=735537811831, createdName=ms1948154235210413, createdTime=Thu Sep 14 11:58:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151458, encodeId=4e8615145865, content=拭目以待将来。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2dd71722896, createdName=studylzc, createdTime=Thu Oct 27 08:52:17 CST 2016, time=2016-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149867, encodeId=92e014986eb0, content=哇。这可靠吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/25/7d591af3f5a10c3198529be94f1ae8f6.jpg, createdBy=59b11629228, createdName=LhtFantasy, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 08:10:22 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375350, encodeId=9d7313e535044, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 01:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149795, encodeId=0887149e95ee, content=功能性治愈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 22:44:23 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149504, encodeId=ef5914950493, content=太意外,太惊喜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Tue Oct 18 15:58:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-18 KO229256262

    太意外,太惊喜

    0

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