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外阴颗粒细胞瘤 1 例

2019-06-11 卢烨 石洪爽 武 昕 现代妇产科进展

患者, 女, 26岁, 以“发现外阴肿物2 年”于2018 年10 月就 诊于我院。患者2年前于右侧小阴唇上方触及1cm左右质硬肿 物,无痛,不痒,未就诊,肿物未见明显增大,现因局部不适感来 诊。患者在门诊行外阴病灶活检,病理回报:颗粒细胞瘤。查 体:双侧腹股沟未触及肿大淋巴结。妇科检查:外阴发育正常; 右侧小阴唇上方,靠近阴蒂部位,可见粉白色外生的质硬结节,直径约1.5cm,界限清楚,基底部活动

1 病例简介

患者, 女, 26岁, 以“发现外阴肿物2 年”于2018 年10 月就 诊于我院。患者2年前于右侧小阴唇上方触及1cm左右质硬肿 物,无痛,不痒,未就诊,肿物未见明显增大,现因局部不适感来 诊。患者在门诊行外阴病灶活检,病理回报:颗粒细胞瘤。查 体:双侧腹股沟未触及肿大淋巴结。妇科检查:外阴发育正常; 右侧小阴唇上方,靠近阴蒂部位,可见粉白色外生的质硬结节,直径约1.5cm,界限清楚,基底部活动,无触痛。采用外阴肿物局 部扩大切除术,术中剖视:肿瘤质地坚硬,包膜完整,浅黄色。术 后病理:镜下见瘤细胞弥漫分布,细胞核圆形,胞浆略嗜酸;免疫 组化: CK( -), CD68( +), S-100( +), TFE3( -), SMA( -), HMB-45 ( -), Ki-67( 3%+) 。病理诊断:(外阴)免疫组化结果支持颗粒细 胞瘤(图1) 。术后7天后拆线,切口愈合良,嘱其定期随访。患 者于术后1个月复查,外阴切口愈合良好,未见复发现象。



2 讨 论

颗粒细胞瘤( granular cell tumor, GCT) 是一种罕见的起 源于神经鞘的雪旺氏细胞( Schwann cells) 的软组织肿瘤。 1926 年由 Abrikossoff 首先描述发生于舌的 GCT,经电镜及免 疫组化证实 GCT 最可能起源于外周神经纤维的施旺细胞, 它是以增生为主的良性病变,仅有少数表现为恶性,伴转移 及浸润[1-2]。女性的发病率约为男性的 2 倍。大部分 GCT 通常表现为小且边界不清的无痛性孤立性结节,可发生于任 何部位,好发于头颈部、皮肤、口腔、消化道,只有少数患者发 生于外阴,以大阴唇最常见。本例患者病灶位于右侧小阴唇 上方,靠近阴蒂部位,呈外生结节状,基底部活动。 颗粒细胞瘤通常为单发且生长缓慢并向相邻组织浸润 的孤立的良性结节。依据生长方式分为两类: 以可融合膨胀 性生长方式发展的结节;以不规则方式向真皮和皮下软组织 浸润并呈趾突状侵入局部结缔组织和皮肤附件的浸润型。 颗粒细胞瘤一般直径 1~4cm,生长缓慢。本例患者病灶1.5 cm,发现病灶近 2 年,大小无明显变化,术中发现其外观上包 膜完整,未向深部组织浸润生长,生长方式符合第一种膨胀 性生长。术后病理所见:瘤细胞弥漫分布,细胞核圆形,胞浆 略嗜酸。外阴颗粒细胞瘤内部主要为不规则排列的体积较 大的束状淡红色的弯曲形多面体细胞,细胞间边界不清,细 胞质里含嗜酸型颗粒。免疫组化 S100 阳性,通常 Ki-67、NSE、 p53、 CEA、 Vimentin、 NKI-C3、 CD56、 CD68 染色也可呈阳 性。良性与恶性颗粒细胞瘤的病理组织学鉴别难,当肿瘤的 多形性和异型性较明显、核分裂增多( >5/10HPF) 、高 Ki-67 ( >10%) 、 p53 阳性,高度警惕病理组织学恶性可能。本例患 者镜下所见胞浆略嗜酸, CD68( +) , S-100( +) , Ki-67( 3%+) , 支持颗粒细胞瘤的诊断。 治疗主要是病灶局部扩大切除术,由于肿瘤包膜不完 整,并有局部浸润,因此,局部扩大切除非常必要。Horowitz 等[4]建议,手术切除的范围应包括 1~2cm 未受肿瘤牵连的 肿瘤边缘正常组织,防止复发。如术后复发,仍需再次手术。 若为恶性外阴颗粒细胞瘤,则需扩大手术范围,加行双侧腹 股沟淋巴结清扫术。恶性颗粒细胞瘤十分罕见,但其恶性度 极高,对放化疗不敏感,预后不佳。

参考文献略。

原始出处:

卢 烨,石洪爽,武 昕,外阴颗粒细胞瘤 1 例并文献复习[J],现代妇产科进展,2019,28(5):400.

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    2019-12-04 wxl882001

    了解一下

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    2019-10-26 wxl882001

    了解一下

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    2019-08-31 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

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