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PNAS:灵长类动物初级视觉皮层有更高密度神经元

2015-07-03 佚名 生物谷

1980年,一个研究认为,在灵长类动物的大脑视觉皮层中,每平方毫米的区域的神经元数量比非灵长动物大脑视觉皮层要多2.5倍。然而这个研究一直都存在着争议。美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究者们利用更现代、先进的方法重复了这个实验。他们结果确认了之前的研究,并认为更高密度的神经元可以让灵长类的视觉皮层可以计算更加复杂的视觉图像,进而可以拥有更敏锐的视觉。   早在1980年,Rockel等人

1980年,一个研究认为,在灵长类动物的大脑视觉皮层中,每平方毫米的区域的神经元数量比非灵长动物大脑视觉皮层要多2.5倍。然而这个研究一直都存在着争议。美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究者们利用更现代、先进的方法重复了这个实验。他们结果确认了之前的研究,并认为更高密度的神经元可以让灵长类的视觉皮层可以计算更加复杂的视觉图像,进而可以拥有更敏锐的视觉。

 
早在1980年,Rockel等人比较了五个不同物种的大脑皮层的六个不同区域的神经元密度。对于六个皮层区域,即前额叶、运动区、身体感觉区、体壁区、初级视觉区(V1)以及颞叶区,在五个物种中,基本上神经元密度都差不多,然而仅有一个例外,那就是在灵长类动物中,初级视觉皮层区每平方毫米的神经元密度是25万个,大约是其他动物的视觉皮层的神经元密度的2.5倍。
 
这个上世纪八十年代研究近四十年来,一直存在疑问。一个原因是很多后来的研究一部分支持这个研究,或者反对这个研究。而且也从来没有人完整地重复过这个实验。来自美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的科学家完整地重复了这个实验。他们通过组织尼氏染色,然后在100倍油镜下成像,并结合之前的文献中的影像,再对影像的神经元进行立体测量计数(可从二维图构建三维结构)和统计分析。他们发现在家塾、仓鼠以及猫中,初级视觉皮层V1区域的大脑皮层神经元的密度是10万个每平方毫米,而在猕猴中,V1区的神经元密度则高达25万个每平方毫米。这个研究再次证明了,在灵长类中,初级视觉皮层的密度更大。
 
实际上,初级视觉皮层V1区有些像照相机的成像单元,像素越高分辨率越好,同样,神经元越多,视觉越敏锐。科学家已经证明了,有白天活动晚上休息习性的灵长类动物,比非灵长类动物的视觉要敏锐3到10倍。这个研究通过重复之前的实验,明确了在灵长类中神经元密度很高,可能让它们拥有了更强大的视觉图像信息处理能力,这可能导致了灵长类动物有更敏锐的视觉。

原始出处:

Shyam Srinivasan, C. Nikoosh Carlo, and Charles F. Stevens.Predicting visual acuity from the structure of visual cortex.PNAS, June 23, 2015.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1509282112

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    2015-10-09 drwjr
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    2015-09-05 lg.zhao
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    2015-07-05 zywlvao
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    2015-07-04 huaxipanxing

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