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Neurology:多吃可能增加痴呆症风险,反式脂肪再添“罪状”

2019-11-09 佚名 医学新视点

在食品外包装袋的成分表中,我们有经常会看到“氢化”或“部分氢化”的油,实际上,这就是指反式脂肪。反式脂肪在一些动物产品(例如红肉,奶酪和全脂牛奶)中少量存在,但大多数是在工业生产过程中产生的。

在食品外包装袋的成分表中,我们有经常会看到“氢化”或“部分氢化”的油,实际上,这就是指反式脂肪。反式脂肪在一些动物产品(例如红肉,奶酪和全脂牛奶)中少量存在,但大多数是在工业生产过程中产生的。

众所周知,摄入过量的反式脂肪与冠心病和糖尿病的发展有关。现在,反式脂肪的危害清单上可能还要再加一项:痴呆症。由日本九州大学(Kyushu University)研究人员发表在美国神经病学学会期刊Neurology的一项新研究表明,血液中反式脂肪含量较高的人,在晚年更有可能患上痴呆症。

这项新研究的数据来自前瞻性队列研究——Hisayama 研究。Hisayama 研究在2002-2003年收集了1628人的血液样本和健康信息,他们的年龄均在60岁及以上,并且没有罹患痴呆症。

研究开始时,研究人员测定了他们血清中的反式油酸水平,反式油酸是植物油氢化时形成的主要反式脂肪,其血清水平被认为是反式脂肪摄入的一个指标。按照这一指标的高低,受试者被分为四组。受试者在2005年和2012年还分别接受了痴呆症筛查,包括阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆等分型。

平均10.2年的随访期间,共有377位受试者罹患痴呆症,包括247例阿尔茨海默病和102例血管性痴呆。

在调整高血压糖尿病、当前运动水平、吸烟等变量后,研究人员发现,整体而言,随着血清中反式脂肪含量的增加,发展为痴呆症的风险也显着增加。反式油酸水平最高的人群比最低组的人群痴呆发生风险增加了52%;第二高人群的痴呆症发生风险增加了74%,似乎受到影响更大。细分为阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆,所得到的发现都是相似的。在继续调整了受试者总热量摄入,饱和及多不饱和脂肪的摄入量之后,这些关联仍然非常明显。

在研究开始时,调研信息涵盖了23大类共150种食物的摄入量。研究人员重点关注了其中七类含有反式脂肪的食物,包括谷物、糖果、动植物脂肪、糖和甜味剂、调味料、肉类和乳制品。研究发现,甜点是最能导致血清中反式油酸水平升高的食物,其次是人造奶油和糖品,如糖果、焦糖和口香糖。此外,牛角面包、非乳制品奶油、冰淇淋和米糕等也与血清中较高的反式油酸水平有关。

研究结果表明,避免摄入反式脂肪含量高的食物,可能降低未来患痴呆症的风险。研究人员也指出该研究存在一定的局限,比如仅测定了一次血清中的反式油酸水平。不同地域之间,人们的饮食差别也很大,还需要对日本以外其他人群进行进一步的研究。

研究领导者,九州大学Toshiharu Ninomiya博士表示,“这为我们拒绝反式脂肪又增添了新的理由。” WHO曾在2018年呼吁全球食品供应中停用工业生产的反式脂肪,并制定了相关指导意见,争取到2030年消除这些有害化合物。目前还没有足够的证据来确定天然存在食物中的反式脂肪是否同样有害。

对于该研究结果,芝加哥拉什大学(Rush University)医学中心Klodian Dhana博士表示:“因为反式油酸是一种外源脂肪酸,当你买包装食品时,有必要检查营养标签是否标注了‘0 g反式脂肪’,成分表中没有氢化油。建议用更健康的不饱和脂肪,如单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪来替代反式脂肪。应增加对大脑健康有益食物的摄入,尤其是绿叶蔬菜、浆果、全谷物、鱼、家禽、坚果和橄榄油,并应限制红肉、油炸食品、糕点和糖果。”

原始出处:
Honda T1, Ohara T1, Shinohara M1, et al.Serum elaidic acid concentration and risk of dementia: The Hisayama study.Neurology. 2019 Oct 23. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008464. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008464. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2019-12-23 Boyinsh
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    2020-03-10 yinhl1978
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    2019-11-09 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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